康德“范型论”与汉字的空间性特征

李成金

语言战略研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4) : 66-74.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4) : 66-74. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250407
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康德“范型论”与汉字的空间性特征

  • 李成金
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Kant’s Theory of Schema and the Spatial Characteristics of Chinese Characters

  • Li Chengjin
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摘要

“范型”(或称“图式”)是康德知识学的重要内容“范型论”(或称“图式论”)的核心概念。有观点认为,康德的图式可以分为两个层次:纯粹知性概念的图式和感性概念的图式;汉字是“有生命的图式”。而细绎康德的相关论述可知,其所谓“范型”包括3个类型:“先验的范型”“感性概念(作为关于空间中的图形的概念)的范型”和“经验概念的范型”,它们与图像的关系错综复杂;量的范畴在纯直观中的作用,是理解范型与图像关系的关键。汉字具有空间性特征,比照汉字与康德范型论中的“经验概念的范型”,可以发现二者高度同构,但并不相同;准确地说,汉字是“经验概念的范型”的摹本。从汉字与范型的内在关系看,汉字对认知活动有着表音文字所不具备的特殊意义。就此而言,表音文字有不及汉字之处。

Abstract

Schema is the core concept in Kant’s Theory of schematism, an important part of Kant’s epistemology that forms the core of his “theory of schematism”. It has been argued that Kant’s Schema can be divided into two levels: the schema of pure concepts of the understanding and the schema of perceptual concepts; Chinese characters, in this context, should be seen as “living schema”. However, a close reading of Kant’s original texts, reveals that we can discern the various types of schemata that Kant differentiated, and they encompass three distinct types, including the schema of categories, the schema of perceptual concepts (as concepts about graphics in space), and the schema of empirical concepts. These schemas have complex relationship with image that is intricate and multifaceted, the role of the category of quantity in pure intuition is essential to understanding the complex relationships. Chinese characters possess spatial characteristics. When comparing them with the schemata of empirical concepts in Kant’s Schema Theory, we can find that they exhibit a high degree of isomorphism, yet they are not identical. More precisely, Chinese characters can be considered as representations of the schema of empirical concepts. From the perspective of the internal relationship between Chinese characters and schema, Chinese characters hold a unique significance for cognitive activities that phonetic script do not have. This unique spatial characteristic of Chinese characters provides them with an advantage over phonetic scripts in certain cognitive processes.

关键词

范型 / 图像 / 图形 / 空间性 / 汉字

Key words

schema / image / graphics / spatiality / Chinese character

引用本文

导出引用
李成金. 康德“范型论”与汉字的空间性特征[J]. 语言战略研究. 2025, 10(4): 66-74 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250407
Li Chengjin. Kant’s Theory of Schema and the Spatial Characteristics of Chinese Characters[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 66-74 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250407
中图分类号: H002   

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