摘要
规范效力指语言文字规范标准发布后对社会产生的影响力和约束力,可通过“使用强度”和“规范系数”这两个指标来观测。测算规范效力是检测语言规范执行效果的重要手段。本文选取国家语言监测与研究有声媒体中心动态流通语料库中2012—2019年间的新闻语料,通过测算规范效力,考察外语中文译写规范部际联席会议专家委员会2016年发布的第四批推荐使用外语词中文译名的规范效果,发现:(1)从总体上看,发布后对社会的规范使用起到一定的积极引导作用;(2)对媒体的规范效果有明显提升,但这种向好趋势一般仅能维持两年左右;(3)不同领域推荐译名的规范效果有显著差异,国际组织领域效果最好,其次为经济领域,社会生活与科技领域较差;(4)专有名词相较于普通名词更易于规范。建议加大外语词中文译写研制工作力度,加强外语词中文译写评估机制建设,注重外语词规范策略的区别性,充分调动各方力量推进规范工作的开展。
Abstract
The normative effectiveness refers to the influence and binding force that language and character standardization exert on society after its promulgation, which can be observed through two indicators: usage intensity and standard coefficient. Measuring the normative effectiveness is an important means to test the implementation effect of language standards. This article selects the news data covering the periodfrom 2012 to 2019 in the Dynamic Circulating Corpus of the National Broadcast Media Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center. By calculating the normative effectiveness, the study examines the effect of the Chinese translation regulation of foreign terms recommended for use in the fourth batch, which was issued by the Inter-ministerial Joint Conference Expert Committee on the Standardization of Foreign Language Terms in Chinese in 2016. The findings are as follows: (1) Overall, the release of standardized Chinese translations has had a certain positive effect on regulated usage in society. (2) The standardization effect on the media has been significantly improved, although this positive trend can generally last for only about two years. (3) The effects of the recommended translation names vary considerably across fields, with the best results in the field of international organizations, followed by the economic field, while the terms in fields of social life and science and technology have received relatively weaker impact. (4) Proper nouns prove to be easier to standardize in comparison with common nouns. The study suggests increasing efforts in the development of Chinese translations of foreign terms, strengthening the evaluation mechanism for these translations, focusing on differentiated strategies for norm implementation, and fully mobilizing various forces to promote the standardization work.
关键词
外语词中文译写 /
语言规范 /
使用强度 /
规范系数 /
效力
Key words
Chinese translation of foreign terms /
language regulation /
usage intensity /
standardization coefficient /
normative effectiveness
常文斐.
外语词中文译写规范效力实证研究[J]. 语言战略研究. 2025, 10(4): 84-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250409
Chang Wenfei.
An Empirical Study on the Normative Effectiveness of the Chinese Translation Regulation of Foreign Terms[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 84-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250409
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基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目“百年来欧美外来词语的全息语料库建设与‘汉语化’机制研究”(21JDA050),国家语委“十四五”科研规划项目“中华优秀语言文化国际传播体系及话语能力建设研究”(YB145‒89)。