摘要
中国大部分地级以上行政区城市都有地名单字简称,可分为首字型、尾字型和别称型3种类型,也有部分城市未使用地名单字简称。全面考察中国内地337个地级以上城市在新冠肺炎疫情期间发布的防控通告和公文发文字号中的地名单字简称,可以归纳出简省规则的两条机制。其一是排除机制,通告类简称一般不使用
(1)数字词,(2)方位词,(3)与本省省名用字或省份简称相同的字,(4)区别度不高或易引发不当搭配、不雅联想的字;字号类简称排除机制较松,仅第(2)(3)条适用,且例外较多。其二是选择机制,两类简称较为一致:能用尽用,优选首字;首字不当,考虑尾字;若有别称,别称优先;以上均无,不用简称。目前中国城市地名单字简称使用中存在的主要问题是:一些城市简称选用不当,一些知名城市简称缺少规范,一些民族地区简称使用不当。建议规范知名城市地名单字简称,丰富地名单字简称历史文化内涵,避免地名单字简称选用不当。
Abstract
Most Chinese cities at the prefectural level and above employ one-character abbreviations for their place names, which can be categorized into three types: initial-character, final-character, and alias-based. Some cities, however, do not implement any one-character abbreviations at all. Through comprehensively examining the one-character abbreviations used in COVID-19 prevention notices and official document codes across 337 mainland Chinese cities, two core mechanisms for abbreviation formation are identified: (1) The first is exclusion mechanism, under which the abbreviations used in public notices avoid using numerals, directional terms, characters identical to provincial names/abbreviations, characters with low distinctiveness or those evoking inappropriate connotations or associations, while document code adoption applies looser restrictions (primarily directional terms and provincial name overlaps) with frequent exceptions. (2) The second is selection mechanisms, which are largely consistent for both types of abbreviations: use an abbreviation wherever possible, with a preference for the first character; if the first character is unsuitable, consider the last character; if an alias exists, it takes precedence; if none of the above apply, no abbreviation is used. Currently, the key issues identified in the use of one-character city name abbreviations in China include: suboptimal character selection, lack of standardized abbreviations for major cities, and improper cultural usage in ethnic minority regions where traditional naming conventions are often overlooked. It is recommended to standardize the abbreviations of well-known cities to align with historical and cultural contexts, enrich the cultural and historical connotations of these abbreviations by incorporating local heritage and linguistic traditions, and implement contextual guidelines to prevent insensitive or culturally inappropriate abbreviations, particularly in ethnic minority regions. To sum up, this study contributes to the rationalization of urban place name abbreviations, fostering clarity in administrative communication while preserving cultural diversity.
关键词
  /
城市地名 /
单字简称 /
形成机制 /
使用规范
Key words
city names /
one-character abbreviations /
formation mechanisms /
usage norms
翟占国.
中国城市地名单字简称形成机制与使用规范[J]. 语言战略研究. 2025, 10(5): 87-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250507
Zhai Zhanguo.
The Formation and Standardization Mechanisms of One-character Abbreviations for Chinese City Names#br#[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 87-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250507
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基金
北京语言大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(22YBB04)。