摘要
“语言职业”是以供给语言产品与服务作为从业人员生活来源的社会工作类别。根据工作成果是否语言产品,以及工作任务的完成是否对语言文字表达具有较强的依赖,可将语言职业划分为“典型语言职业”和“准语言职业”;此外,还有一些职业提供“伴随式语言服务”。本文从《中华人民共和国职业分类大典(2022版)》和语言行业两个角度,对《大典》已经收录的语言职业和可由此推导出的语言职业进行梳理,并构建了包含3个层面的语言职业研究基本框架,由下而上分别为职业状况研究、动力机制研究、发展策略研究。在此基础上提出如下建议:对从业者已有一定规模,但《大典》尚未收录的语言职业,应予以补充认定,并积极培育新兴语言职业;以语言职业能力研究为切入点,构建语言职业标准体系;以语言职业状况调查为着力点,全面掌握当前中国语言职业现状;建设全国语言职业数据库,服务语言人才培养和语言产业规划。
Abstract
‘Language professions’ refer to occupational categories in which practitioners derive their livelihood from providing language products and services. They are directly related to the high-quality supply of language products and the sustainable development of the language industry, and affects the overall planning of language talent development. Language professions and talents are producers of language products and providers of language services, and creators of language productivity. These professions can be classified into “typical language professions” and “quasi-language professions” based on whether the primary output consists of language products and the extent to which task completion relies heavily on linguistic expression. This paper defines the concept of “language profession” and maps out the existing language professions and those yet to be recognized in the National Occupational Classification Codex of the People's Republic of China (2022 Edition). It further proposes a foundational research framework for language professions comprising three hierarchical levels: from the base upward, these are studies of occupational conditions, analyses of underlying dynamics and mechanisms, and investigations into development strategies. Building on this framework, the paper offers the following recommendations: for language professions with an established number of practitioners but have not yet been included in the Codex, they should be formally supplemented and recognized, and professional terminology should be standardized; emerging language professions should be actively cultivated, especially language technology professions; Starting from the study of language vocational abilities, construct a language vocational standard system; Focusing on the investigation of language occupational conditions, comprehensively grasp the current state of language professions in China; and a national database of language professions should be established to support talent development in the field and planning for the language industry.
关键词
语言产业 /
语言职业 /
职业分类 /
语言职业研究
Key words
language industry /
language professions /
occupational classification /
research on language professions
李 艳, 贺宏志.
论语言职业[J]. 语言战略研究. 2026, 11(1): 17-28 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260102
Li Yan and He Hongzhi.
On Language Professions[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 17-28 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260102
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
基金
国家语委委托项目“中国语言产业发展报告”,国家语委2023年度重点项目“中国语言产业数据库建设及应用研究”(ZDI145–33),全国科学技术名词审定委员会重点项目“术语资源开发应用模式路径研究”(ZDI2023003)。