摘要
自20世纪90年代以来,写作智能评测(AES)的发展经历了基于特征的统计机器学习、基于神经网络的深度学习、生成式预训练语言模型3个阶段。在这一过程中,评分标准与语言智能技术相互交织、协同发展,两者通过争夺任务话语权的方式推动AES向更高效合理的方向迈进;AES研究也从最初关注浅层统计语言特征,逐渐发展到挖掘深层语义内容和语言形式的特征,从形式与内容的不同评分维度进行综合评分。汉语二语AES研究集中于面向国内的少数民族汉语水平等级考试和面向外国人的汉语水平考试,目前缺乏在各类神经网络模型、大型数据集上的效果验证。大语言模型的技术进步为解决汉语二语AES现存问题提供了一些思路,未来研究应从拟合人工评分结果转变到模仿人工评分思路,从综合评分向分项评分详细反馈转变,从思维链微调和高质量语料库两方面提升模型信度和可解释性。
Abstract
Since the 1990s, the development of automated essay scoring (AES) has progressed through three major phases: feature-based statistical machine learning, neural network-based deep learning, and generative pre-trained language models. Throughout this evolution, scoring rubrics and language intelligence techniques have intertwined and advanced synergistically, driving AES toward greater efficiency and rationality through their competitive pursuit of dominance in the AES. AES research has evolved from focusing on superficial statistical linguistic features to exploring complex semantic and formal features, enabling comprehensive scoring along both formal and content-based dimensions. Research on AES for Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) has primarily focused on the MHK test and the HSK test, which are designed for domestic ethnic minorities and foreign learners of Chinese, respectively. It lacks the verification of the effects on various neural network models or large-scale datasets. Technological advances in Large Language Models suggest potential solutions to current problems concerning AES for CSL. Future AES research needs to move from resembling the outcomes of manual scoring to imitating the thinking of manual scoring, transition from holistic rating scoring to analytic rating scoring, and enhance AES model reliability and interpretability through both chain-of-thought fine-tuning and high-quality corpora.
关键词
写作智能评测 /
评分标准 /
语言特征 /
大语言模型 /
语言产业
Key words
automated essay scoring (AES) /
scoring rubrics /
linguistic features /
large language models /
language industry
史金生, 李雪婷.
汉语二语写作智能评测评分标准发展研究[J]. 语言战略研究. 2026, 11(1): 42-52 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260104
Shi Jinsheng and Li Xueting.
Scoring Rubrics of Automated Essay Scoring for Chinese as a Second Language Writing: Development and Reflections#br#[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 42-52 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260104
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