从词汇语义演变看哲学概念“忠诚”的生成

崔应贤

语言战略研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1) : 87-96.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1) : 87-96. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260108
专题研究

从词汇语义演变看哲学概念“忠诚”的生成

  • 崔应贤
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The Formation of the Philosophical Concept of “Loyalty” Through the Semantic Evolution

  • Cui Yingxian
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摘要

“中”和“忠”是汉语里两个根深蒂固的基本词,后者脱胎于前者。汉民族早期“由方位到时间、由具体到抽象”的认知机制,对后者的词义派生起到了根本性的推助作用。“忠”产生之后,很短的时间内即发生了由“诚信”义向“忠诚”义的转移。促使其变化的深层动力是“家国一体”的政治伦理信念;而将其固化的,则是由词法到句法的习惯搭配。对此,儒家和墨家的伦理主张与语词应用,显示出了一定程度上的相悖性:就“忠君”思想而言,强调尊卑秩序的儒家反倒没有在语言的组合上予以强化,而强调“兼爱”“尚同”的墨家却在文字著述里高频使用,甚至把“忠臣”固化成词。言辞搭配上一旦形成强势认定,便足以形成左右社会意识的价值判断,也足以让今天的人们体悟出语言哲学上的认识意义。

Abstract

“Center” (中) and “loyalty” (忠) are fundamental words in the Chinese language, with the latter deriving from the former. The early cognitive mechanism of the Han people, which transitioned “from spatial orientation to temporal concepts, from the concrete to the abstract”, played a fundamental role in driving the semantic derivation of the latter. After the emergence of “loyalty”, its meaning shifted from “sincerity” to “loyalty” within a very short period. The underlying force driving this change was the political-ethical belief in the “integration of family and state”, while its solidification was achieved through habitual collocations from morphology to syntax. In this regard, the ethical propositions and linguistic applications of Confucianism and Mohism exhibit a certain degree of divergence. Regarding the concept of “loyalty to the ruler”, Confucianism, which emphasizes hierarchical order, does not reinforce it in linguistic combinations. In contrast, Mohism, which advocates “universal love” and “elevating uniformity”, frequently employs it in written works, even solidifying the term “loyal minister” (忠臣) as a fixed expression. Once a strong linguistic collocation is established, it can shape value judgments that influence social consciousness, allowing people today to perceive the epistemological significance in the philosophy of language.

关键词

/ / 语源学 / 语言哲学

Key words

Center (中) / loyalty (忠) / etymology / philosophy of language

引用本文

导出引用
崔应贤. 从词汇语义演变看哲学概念“忠诚”的生成[J]. 语言战略研究. 2026, 11(1): 87-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260108
Cui Yingxian. The Formation of the Philosophical Concept of “Loyalty” Through the Semantic Evolution[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 87-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260108
中图分类号: H002   

基金

国家哲学社会科学重大课题“汉语语言哲学的理论基础与发展趋势研究”(24&ZD223)。本文曾在2024年11月郑州大学举办的“中原语言与黄河文明”高层论坛上宣讲。

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