推广国家通用语言是我国的基本语言政策和语言文字工作的首要任务。本文从功能属性、法定地位和学术内涵三个维度对国家通用语言(普通话)进行新的界定,主张在强调国家和中华民族整体的语域环境中使用国家通用语言的法定名称。文章以“时度效”理念为框架,着眼于宏观和中观,对中华人民共和国成立以来推广国家通用语言的发展历程进行梳理,把它分为“两阶段四时期”,并以此为“时”的参照,对国家通用语言推广的“度”与“效”进行总结和分析。文章对国家通用语言推广经验和未来发展进行了讨论,提出恰时、适度、高效的价值取向。
This article attempts to provide an overall evaluation of policy implementation process of the formulation and promotion of national lingua franca. The national lingua franca promotion is one of basic state policies in China. In this article, I first endeavor to redefine what is the national lingua franca (Putonghua) from three dimensions, namely, corpus planning, legal status, and academic research. Second, I investigate into the historic trajectory of the developing course of national lingua franca, a framework composing of periodization, degree and scale and efficacy is proposed. Third, through application of such a working framework, I embark upon a discussion and evaluation of the planning process, milestone events and the effectiveness in promoting national lingua franca. The article closes with an exploration of the future direction based on the previous experience of national lingua franca promotion.