西方传教士对现代汉语形成的影响
The Impact of Western Missionaries on the Development of Modern Chinese
近代汉语和现代汉语的重要区别之一是有没有出现“欧化”,“欧化”在近代汉语中是个别现象,在现代汉语中则是普遍现象。“欧化”的出现与西方传教士有非常密切的关系,中文最早的“欧化”源自西方传教士。大量发行的教会出版物,尤其是《圣经》的官话译本,是“欧化”白话文本的典范,推动了晚清和“五四”时期的白话文运动发展,也推动了现代汉语的形成。传教士是最早认识到中国即将发生白话文运动的学者,他们推动了国语运动的发生。这一历史事实得到过周作人、沈从文等“五四”新文学作家的承认。
One of the signifi cant differences between early modern and modern Chinese language is the emergence of westernization in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. The westernized linguistic expressions were rarely seen in early modern Chinese language, while in modern Chinese language they were more prevalent. The emergence of westernization in Chinese language was largely credited to the western missionaries. The earliest signs of westernization were observed in some Chinese books written by missionaries. In addition, numerous church publications, especially the Mandarin versions of The Bible, appeared at that time, featuring westernized vernacular texts which contributed to the vernacularization movement in late Qing Danasty and during the May Fourth Movement, and greatly shaped Modern Chinese. The missionaries were the earliest scholars who realized the inevitability of vernacularization movement in China, and they played an active role to promote that movement, a historical fact acknowledged by many modern Chinese writers such as Shen Congwen and Zhou Zuoren.
missionary / westernization / early modern Chinese language / modern Chinese language
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