想象:跨国移居家庭传承语维持与转用的关键因素

李嵬 祝华

语言战略研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (3) : 20-37.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (3) : 20-37.
语言战略研究

想象:跨国移居家庭传承语维持与转用的关键因素

  • 李嵬 祝华
作者信息 +

Imagination as a Key Factor in Heritage Language Maintenance and Shift in Transitional Families

  • Li Wei & Zhu Hua
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文章历史 +

摘要

想象指人们对自己未来的设想,包括将来在什么地方生活,成为什么样的人等。在异国生活中,跨国移居家庭在传承语维持和转用问题上面临诸多选择:是否维持家庭传承语?如何维持传承语?是否放弃传承语?放弃传承语后学习并使用什么语言?在这一抉择过程中,想象发挥着关键作用。文章以保持传承语和放弃传承语的两类英国华裔跨国移居家庭为对象,进行了长达二十多年的语言民族志调查研究,得出上述结论。调查采用叙事性访谈方法,访谈分两个阶段进行:在第一个阶段的访谈中,主要请跨国移居家庭成员设想未来十年会在什么地方生活,会做什么,以及会成为什么样 的人?十年之后,从这些接受访谈的家庭中挑选一部分家庭进行第二阶段的回访。我们对访谈结果进行了分析,分析内容包括:(1)过去的生活经验;(2)对未来经历与环境等的设想;(3)对各地及不同文化的认知与想象;(4)引起主要行为变化的重新评估或重新想象的关键时刻;(5)对各种想象的自我评价。文章还重点分析了同一家庭中不同成员在想象方面的分歧和冲突,以及随着时间的推移在想象方面发生的变化。最后,文章还讨论了在语言维持与转用研究以及一般的双语研究领域,把想象作为一个关键因素来研究所具有的理论及方法上的指导意义。

Abstract

The primary aim of this article is to put forward an argument that imagination plays a key role in whether and how members of transnational families individually and collectively maintain or relinquish their heritage languages and adopt other languages as part of their multilingual repertoires. Imagination is defi ned here as the vision of where and what one might be or become at some future point in time. We base our argument on linguistic ethnography over two decades with transnational families of Chinese ethnic origin in the UK.Families that seem to have kept their heritage languages and families that have given them up were invited to talk about where, what and how they would see themselves in ten years’ time, and a selection of them are subsequently interviewed and observed after the ten-year period. Their responses are analysed in terms of their constructed experiences, environments and visions of the future; their perceptions and imaginations of different places and cultures; key moments in re-evaluation, or re-imagining, that led to major behavioural changes;and self-evaluation of their imaginations. Particular attention is given to differences and tensions between the imaginations of individuals of the same families, as well as changes to the imaginations over time. Theoretical and methodological implications of studying imagination as a key factor for language maintenance and language shift, and for bilingualism research generally, are discussed.

关键词

想象 / 汉语 / 家庭 / 代际 / 传承语的维持与转用

Key words

imagination / Chinese / family / inter-generational / heritage language maintenance and shift

引用本文

导出引用
李嵬 祝华. 想象:跨国移居家庭传承语维持与转用的关键因素[J]. 语言战略研究. 2017, 2(3): 20-37
Li Wei & Zhu Hua. Imagination as a Key Factor in Heritage Language Maintenance and Shift in Transitional Families[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2017, 2(3): 20-37

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基金

特别感谢科研资金会的资助,包括李嵬获得的ESRC R000 23 5869、ESRC R000 23 2956、ESRC R000 22 1074 研究拨款,祝华和李嵬获得的ESRC RE006022 研究拨款及祝华获得的“侨民现象,移民与身份认同”项目(AHRC 119481)。

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