阿侬语的二十年变迁:由濒危走向严重濒危

孙宏开

语言战略研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (4) : 17-24.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (4) : 17-24.
语言战略研究

阿侬语的二十年变迁:由濒危走向严重濒危

  • 孙宏开
作者信息 +

The Changes of Anong Language over the Past Two Decades: From Endangered to Severely Endangered

  • Sun Hongkai
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文章历史 +

摘要

阿侬人是怒族的一个支系,分布在云南省怒江傈僳族自治州中缅边境地区。自20 世纪60 年代起,我们对这个支系语言开展了长时间的跟踪观察,亲历了阿侬语衰变的全过程。分析这个比较典型的例证,目的是寻找这一语言衰变的外部原因和内部原因,了解其衰变过程中语言结构本身所经历的变化。近20 年这里社会和语言变化很大。由于国家扶贫力度的加强,阿侬人物质生活得到了明显改善,基本上解决了温饱,由此部分干部和群众对母语的态度也发生了明显的变化,保护和传承母语意识明显加强。结合以前所做的调查研究,经过前后对比,我们认为阿侬语已经从濒危走向严重濒危,如果没有有效的语言保护措施,在未来10 — 20 年,阿侬语有可能完全失去交际功能,退出历史舞台。

Abstract

Since the 1960s, we have launched a longitudinal study on the Anong language, spoken by a branch of the Nu ethnic group in Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. As researchers, we have witnessed its whole declining process. This study can serve as an exemplary case, demonstrating the forlorn hope of some endangered ethnic languages in China. Through analyzing its declining details, we not only have a good general understanding of the linguistic and social causes accounting for the changes, but also have seen the structural changes of the language in the process. In this study, we focus on the development occurred to both social milieu and linguistic structures, as well as the changes in native speakers’ attitudes towards their mother tongue. The combination of the precious study and the current analysis enables us to obtain an overall picture of the declining process from historical perspective. Based on our observation for over half a century, we conclude that the decline of the Anong language has come to a critical point, and without modus operandi of effective language maintenance, the lanuage is bound to lose its communicative function completely in one or two decades and become a dead language.

关键词

阿侬语 / 濒危语言 / 语言衰变 / 文化自觉 / 跟踪调查

Key words

Anong language / endangered language / language decline / cultural consciousness / follow-up study

引用本文

导出引用
孙宏开. 阿侬语的二十年变迁:由濒危走向严重濒危[J]. 语言战略研究. 2017, 2(4): 17-24
Sun Hongkai. The Changes of Anong Language over the Past Two Decades: From Endangered to Severely Endangered[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2017, 2(4): 17-24

参考文献

范俊军编译 2006 《联合国教科文组织关于保护语言与文化多样性文件汇编》,北京:民族出版社。
李卫才 段 伶搜集整理 1991 《怒族怒苏语言资料集》,昆明:云南民族出版社。
孙宏开 1984 《我国部分藏缅语中名词的人称领属范畴》,《中央民族学院学报》第1 期。
孙宏开 1999 《记阿侬语——对一个逐渐衰亡语言的跟踪观察》,《中国语文》第5 期。
孙宏开 刘光坤 2004 《阿侬语研究》,北京:民族出版社。

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