新冠疫情中上海危机沟通语言管理过程研究

doi:10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210301

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文章导读 随着全球化日益深入和跨国移民日益增多，人口流动和文化混杂成为当今全球治理需要直面的现实挑战。自然灾害、战争、恐怖袭击和公共卫生危机等的暴发，都有可能在多语言和多文化的国家、地区造成沟通不畅，社会混乱（Cadwell & O’Brien 2016）。国际化大都市在面对重大突发公共事件的危机时，如何确保来自多语多文化背景的社会族群及时获取相关信息并采取必要措施，是对城市语言管理体系的重大考验。2020年初暴发的新型冠状肺炎病毒全球大流行凸显了应急语言能力在国际化大都市疫情防控过程中的重要作用，应急语言服务应被视为现代化城市建设中语言治理能力的重要组成部分（沈骑，康铭浩2020）。

摘要上海作为国际化大都市，已有多语种公共信息服务，但在新冠疫情危机中无法满足防控需求，大批本地高校外语院系学生志愿者投身到危机翻译活动。对志愿者进行的半结构化访谈发现，危机沟通主体（包括社区基层工作人员和多语翻译志愿者）发挥能动性，自下而上地推动了注意→评估→调整与实施→反馈的危机沟通语言管理过程，共同塑造了多个嵌套、迭代的过程循环；同时揭示了英语单语主义意识形态和城市多语现实之间的矛盾，也凸显出微观个体能动性和宏观社会结构的辩证互动。建议建立制度保障城市危机沟通语言管理，扩大城市多语种能力储备，匹配个体能动性和基层现实需求。

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	郑咏滟

关键词 ：危机沟通, 语言管理过程模型, 能动性, 多语能力, 语言管理理论

Abstract：Shanghai as an international metropolis provides a range of multilingual public services, but these services could not fully meet the needs of crisis communication during the COVID-19 outbreak. A large number of local university students who specialize in foreign language studies voluntarily translated important information of disease control and prevention measures into multiple languages as part of the city’s crisis management. This study adopted the framework of Language Management Theory and conducted semi-structure interviews to probe into the voluntary translation activities. Findings showed that the agents of crisis communication (including community workers and multilingual translators) exercised agency and drove the crisis communication language management process through several stages of Noting→Evaluation→Adjustment and Implementation→Feedback, in a bottom-up manner. Based on the findings, a language management process model of crisis communication was proposed, in which agents co-shaped several interconnected and iterative language management cycles. Findings also revealed the conflict between the implicit English monolingual ideology and the multilingual realities of urban settings and highlighted the dialectic interaction between micro-individual agency and macro-societal structure. It is recommended that a system be established to guarantee multilingual cities’ language management for crisis communication, expand the reserve of urban multilingual talents, and match individual agency with the grassroots needs.

Key words： crisis communication language management process model agency multilingual capabilities Language Management Theory

作者简介: 郑咏滟，女，复旦大学教授，主要研究方向为应用语言学。

引用本文:

郑咏滟. 新冠疫情中上海危机沟通语言管理过程研究[J]. 语言战略研究, 2021, 6(3): 14-24.
Zheng Yongyan. A Study on Language Management Process of Shanghai’s Crisis Communication during the COVID-19. , 2021, 6(3): 14-24.

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