Project for the Protection of Language Resources of China includes three important components: investigation into major regional dialects, endangered language protection, and language and cultural survey. Based on the requirement of content in Chinese language and culture protection and the general principles of dialect and folklore investigation, this paper elaborates on a number of principles that one should adhere to when studying dialect and culture research and in implementing the Project for the Protection of Language Resources of China. They are: project view, systematic view, cultural view, view of pursuance in truth. Systematic view emphasizes the organic associations between vocabulary pronunciation and its meaning, the word and object being represented, and different folk-customs during research. Cultural view attaches the importance to exploring and revealing the cultural implications refl ected in dialectal words and local customs. Pursuance in truth concerns the need to record, to preserve, and to display the authentic attributes of local dialect and folklore. It is the author’s hope that this article provides some guidance, derived from hand-on experience, for language protection professionals in project implementation.