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  • Wang Xiaomei
    .

    The emerging of the term “Global Chinese” shows that China starts to plan its language from a global perspective. Driven by a brand new view of language, voluminous literature on Global Chinese has been published in China and this enriched the study of modern Chinese language. As a result, a new popular research area has come into being. This article aims at reflecting on the formation process of the Global Chinese and reviewing the regional features of the research and the subject coverage, including structualist study at micro level, sociolinguistic study at macro level, and language acquisition study. In the conclusion part, I endeavor to look into the future directions of the Global Chinese study.

  • .

    In the past over 60 years, research on Chinese language processing has made great achievements. With the rapid development and popularization of the Internet and communication technology, Chinese language processing technology has attracted worldwide attention in recent years. This article summarizes the achievements of Chinese language processing and analyzes the present status of the technology in this field, particularly the problems that the field may face in term of development. The author argues that it is stilldifficult for artificial intelligence to “understand” rather than “process” naturally produced Chinese because of the following three reasons:(1) the current information processing technology is inadequate in processing grammatically complex Chinese sentences; (2) there are unsolved problems in machine learning technologies; and (3) our understanding of how human brain processes language is still very limited. This paper concludes that we need a better understanding of how the Chinese language is decoded in human brain and build acomputational model that specifically targets at the Chinese language in order for artificial intelligence to understand naturally produced Chinese.

  • Xing Xiangdong
    .
    Project for the Protection of Language Resources of China includes three important components: investigation into major regional dialects, endangered language protection, and language and cultural survey. Based on the requirement of content in Chinese language and culture protection and the general principles of dialect and folklore investigation, this paper elaborates on a number of principles that one should adhere to when studying dialect and culture research and in implementing the Project for the Protection of Language Resources of China. They are: project view, systematic view, cultural view, view of pursuance in truth. Systematic view emphasizes the organic associations between vocabulary pronunciation and its meaning, the word and object being represented, and different folk-customs during research. Cultural view attaches the importance to exploring and revealing the cultural implications refl ected in dialectal words and local customs. Pursuance in truth concerns the need to record, to preserve, and to display the authentic attributes of local dialect and folklore. It is the author’s hope that this article provides some guidance, derived from hand-on experience, for language protection professionals in project implementation.
  • Liu Haitao
    .
    Constructing world first-class linguistics discipline is an important mission for the ‘Double First-class Initiative’, and the precondition for accomplishing this mission is to make it internationally known. Based on the data drawn from the major Databases of International Science Citation, this paper analyzes the current scenario and diffi culties in internationalizing the output of Chinese linguistic research. The analysis shows that when it comes to international publications, there exists a huge disparity between Chinese Mainland and the rest of the world in terms of both quantity and quality, signifying that there is a long way to go in order for the best Chinese universities to catch up with their counterparts in the world. The success of discipline construction depends on disciplinary orientation. If linguistics is a science, then language should be studied through the means of scientific approaches. My own practical experience of leading a research team shows that it is feasible to apply scientific methods in conducting linguistic research, and our accomplishments have drawn a lot of attention from researchers in areas of natural sciences. This leads to an argument that Chinese linguists should strive to carry their studies in a scientific way that is widely accepted by the international academia. As a conclusion, the paper argues that in terms of research topic, we should choose the issues that are specific to China but with international significance; that is, the findings should have wider implications contributing to the international research literature. I believe that this is the only way to enable our research to reach out to the world and stand tall on the world platform, thus to achieve the goal of building world-class universities.
  • Hu Jianhua
    .
    China has intellectual foundations different from those of western countries. However, they have hitherto played no signifi cant role in the development of modern linguistics in China. This is so because modern linguistics in China has its origin in western linguistics, and its development has been guided by different schools of thoughts of western linguistics at its very beginning. In this paper, it is argued that, although it is necessary to use western linguistic theories in studies on Chinese linguistics, the development of an independent way of thought in Chinese linguistics can only result from the theorizing practice that combines general linguistic theories with the intellectual thought of China in an optimal way.
  • Wang Lei
    .
    Since Language Situation in China first released the Internet Language Status Report in 2006, the research on China’s domestic Internet language has gone through a new decade. This article takes the relevant reports presented in Language Situation in China as a starting point, combines it with statistical data from various documentations, and objectively presents the basic circumstances of the Internet language studies in this decade. Thousands of studies indicate that the Chinese domestic Internet language studies closely followed and traced the occurrence and the developments of the Internet language, explored the communication system of the Internet language phenomenon and its impact on social life, and provided defi nitive academic support for the society to have an accurate understanding of the Internet language phenomenon. The Internet language studies is moving toward rationality and maturity.
  • Yuan Dan and Zhan Fangqiong
    .

    This paper introduces eight international endangered-language protection projects being carried out in Europe and America, and explains their objectives, progress and achievements. It is shown that these projects share three common characteristics: goal orientation, scientifi c methods, and a lack of standardization. Among them, goal orientation plays an important role in the management and operation of the international endangered-language protection projects. This strategy serves to clarify the missions of the projects, and eventually makes the implementation more transparent and well-targeted. Scientific methods refer to the documentation, preservation,maintenance and revitalization of endangered languages in scientific ways. However, the lack of standardization results in the inconsistency of language materials and formats in some projects. This paper makes four suggestions for the Project for the Protection of Language Resources of China, including the establishment of language resource website, assessment of the ethnolinguistic vitality of minority languages and dialects in China, activation of collective wisdom, and emphasis on standardization planning.

  • Yin Xiaorong
    .

    The relations between language and ethnic identity as a research area have a long history and have drawn increasing attention from scholars with different interests and expertise.Having applied a data-driven approach and textual analysis,this study attempts to investigate the international literature (in English) published from 2010 till 2015 with the purpose of informing domestic researchers of the latest development in other languages and cultures.The study shows that the work of international researchers manifests a number of features including logistic cohesion in conceptualization,cognitive orientation,in addition to an interdisciplinary nature and methodological multiplicity.The fi ndings revealed in this study go beyond the interest in relationships between language and identity,language and psychological identity,language and multi-layered identity;their efforts extend to language style innovation and multiple identity as well.I attribute the findings to the following reasons:The awareness of identity compositions,the match of identifi cation and behavior,the integration,transformation and expression of multiple identities,and the formation of a pluralist epistemological view.This study concludes with the suggestion that the local researchers should hold a critical view of what has been achieved abroad,thereby furthering theoretical research through domestic collaboration and resource utilization.

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    测试稿件
  • Shan Yunming and Li Sheng

    Based on a survey of almost 300 respondents in Guangzhou with follow-up interviews, the study fi nds that Cantonese is no longer the primary language of the people in Guangzhou, manifesting language shift across generations. Over ninety percent of the people in Guangzhou are bilinguals (or multilinguals). Their positive evaluation towards Cantonese is much higher than Putonghua or English, indicating strong affective and integrated orientation towards this regional language. Nonetheless, more than half of the respondents are pessimistic about the future of Cantonese. It is also found that the attitude towards English is higher than Putonghua and English language education is showing a younger-age tenden cy. Cantonese main tenance is being challenged in certain communities such as those among females, with higher education and immigrants. With reference to the evaluation criteria of ethnolinguistic vitality, Cantonese can be taken as “a strong language under threat and showing some signs of declining vitality”. The paper concludes that Cantonese maintenance relies on the synergy of various aspects of the society. Dialect is a key component of the cultural identity and the values of Cantonese maintenance should be better and fully understood.

  • Zhao Shiju
    .
     Language situation has long been a great concern in China. Since the beginning of this century, efforts have been madeto establish research agencies, create specialized platforms, and form research teams in order to investigate the issues related to thepeople’s ongoing language practices in China. To date, a relatively complete system has been developed to monitor, study and releaseChina’s language situation in an all-round, large-scale, systematic and sustainable manner. These endeavors have promoted the systematic, scientifi c and regular observation and study of the language practice, producing a great variety of research fi ndings. On the otherhand, the patterns and theories generalized in the monitoring of language situation have contributed to the theoretical construction aswell as the establishment of a scientifi c discipline in China. Nevertheless, further exploration is required for a number of issues, suchas the boundaries and focus of language monitoring, the recognition of authentic and effective language information, generalization oflanguage situation patterns, construction of predication/alert system about language situations, improvement of language monitoringtechniques, instruments and methods, construction of theoretical system for language monitoring, etc.
  • Li Lisheng and Xia Na
    .
    The use of minority languages is one of the recurring themes in linguistic landscape studies. Based on empirical data, this paper explores the linguistic landscapes of two streets in Lijiang’s Old Town in northwest Yunnan province. It is found that multilingualism is an eminent characteristic in the linguistic landscapes of the two surveyed streets. Out of the two streets, Xinhua Street is a commercial district and tourist spot, thus displaying higher degree of multilingual characteristic of intensive use of more languages than that in Fuhui Road, where some government offi ces are located. Specifi cally, in the area that is densely inhabited by ethnic minorities, Chinese still manifests itself as a dominant language and fares higher percentage and salience. But what is more signifi cant is that, as a cultural symbol, the endangered hieroglyphic Dongba script is capitalized as a tourist resource through highlighting it on the top of the order of appearance among other languages, although not as prominent as Chinese. In addition, English as an international language is widely used in the local linguistic landscapes. The fi ndings obtained from the investigation provide an authentic portrait of the linguistic landscape in a multicultural context like Lijiang, which is a well-known international tourism destination.
  • Guo Xi and Zhu Xiaohong
    .
    This article discusses the theoretical development of the notion of “language life” in China, and reviews its related practices in the past ten years. In the Western academia, the notion of language life is not widely used, and its corresponding concepts may include language survey, language situation, language use, and language ecology. However, it has been a key word in Chinese sociolinguistic studies. The article first reviews the theoretical background of the notion; second, it surveys the major research fields covered by language life theories; third, it claims that a “community of practice” is emerging among a group of scholars who share similar ideas in the theorization of language life, in the methodology of exploring this notion, and in the research paradigms in which the notion of language life is rooted.
  • Dao Bu
    .
        有人估计,人类现存语言有五六千种。对这个问题学术界迄今没有人做过精确的调查和统计。上述数字不过是姑妄言之。但是,大家一致认为,古往今来,确实有许多语言消失了。现在,全球经济化趋势日益加强,交通和传媒的现代化速度加快,原来相对封闭的社会正在迅速走向开放,强势语言的传播势头强劲,弱势语言的使用人口不断萎缩。有人估计,现存的几千种语言当中,将会有80%–90%在21世纪中消失。有鉴于此,濒危语言问题已经被提上议事日程,并且召开过多次国际性的专家会议。
        有一种意见认为,语言的消失,其意义不亚于物种的消失,对一个语言群体来说是灾难性的。弱势语言的消失是对文化多样性的严重挑战,是人类精神财富的重大损失。要加强濒危语言的保护,加强濒危语言的母语教育,延缓濒危语言的消亡。然而,也有人认为,物种与语言是两类性质不同的范畴。物种是生物进化过程中自然选择的结果,属于自然现象。而语言是人类使用的交际工具,是社会现象。物种与语言具有不同的属性,并不是可以类比的。自然科学家认为,地球上每一次大的生物灭绝,都为一个全新的、更具有活力的、更为复杂的生物种群开拓了生存空间。物种的更替意味着生物界的进化。由于濒危物种保存着古老的生命信息,具有科学研究价值,所以,人们正在为保护濒危物种而大声疾呼。濒危语言是指那些使用人口极少而且使用人口高龄化的弱势语言。人们放弃使用自己的弱势语言,选择使用符合自己需要的强势语言,是为了融入更加广泛的社会,扩展个人的生存空间,更好地实现人生价值,应该说,这是一种社会进步。因为濒危语言的消失并不意味着给人们带来灾难。硬要少数民族坚持使用濒危语言是不切实际的,是不符合他们的愿望的,也是做不到的。
        ......
  • Elizabeth Lanza
    .
    In the current era characterized by greater population mobility, an increasing number of children are brought up in the family environment where two or more languages are used, leading to the occurrence of family multilingualism. Taking family as a community of practice, this paper examines the infl uence of family environment and parents’ language ideology on early bilingual language acquisition, particularly in a context where the minority language garners no community support. First, the notion of language socialization is discussed and the language choice patterns in the family are reviewed. The paper then examines various applied linguistic approaches to studying family bilingualism in order to reveal the factors that contribute to fostering bilingualism and multilingualism.The studies employing surveys and in-depth interviews of bilingual families are discussed, and the role of parental language ideology in the process is highlighted. Finally, the micro-analyses of parent-child conversations are explored to demonstrate the parental discourse strategies that may stimulate active bilingualism among young children.
  • Shang Guowen
    .
    Linguistic landscape study focuses on the languages/scripts displayed on signage in city space, and the language choice on signs is subject to various factors. Taking language
    economics as a perspective, this paper investigates the economic motivations underlying the construction of linguistic landscape in three Southeast Asian countries: Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. Characterized by multilingualism and multiculturalism, all of these countries present very different language use patterns on official and private-related linguistic landscape. Specifi cally, government signs are predominantly monolingual, asserting the supremacy of national or official language, whereas commercial signs are mainly bilingual or multilingual signs, often presenting English and the major consumer language(s). This paper uses some key concepts in language economics (e.g. cost and benefi t, effi ciency and justice, supply and demand, use value and instrumental rationality) as an analytic vehicle to expound the economic factors that contribute to the formation of linguistic landscape in these countries. It is argued that the political utility is the major concern in offi cial sectors, while economic payoff is emphasized by private proprietors, and this discrepancy results in the contrast of language use patterns in government and private signs. The analysis in this paper suggests that language economics can provide a useful tool for certain language planning and policy research.
  • Lin Xiao
    .
    This volume presents the main achievements in the language education policy research (1984-2012) in the West and the scope and characteristics of the works included in it have reflected its interdisciplinary nature, encompassing various traditions in linguistics, education, anthropology, sociology, etc. The articles and chapters in this volume provide a wide range of perspectives on how the language practices in formal and informal educational contexts are infl uenced by various factors and how this research paradigm reconstructs the field of language-in-education policy. The topics covered include: mother tongue education, bilingual education, school language policy, teachers’ role, language testing, education’s role in language maintenance and revitalization, relationship between language education and development, family language policy, etc. The discussions in this volume show that the academics generally recognize the language-in-education policy as a multifaceted phenomenon and process, focusing on the macro language policy’s impact on classrooms and communities, the development of local language policy at the institutional establishments, community and family contexts and the interaction between these two dimensions. Researchers usually adopt the ethnographic approaches to examine the language practices and reach a deep understanding, which is also refl ective and critical, with an aim to obtain a better understanding of the significance of language education policy research in explaining and guiding language education practices. However, it is found the researchers have yet to explore the basis for a broader meta-theoretical framework to understand the interrelationship between macro and micro policy and practice within language-in-education policy. The implication for language education policy researchers in China is to focus their research on the language practices in educational institutes in China and base their theoretical thinking on solid empirical facts, thus provide localized resolution for the further development of language-in-education policy researches.
  • Zhou Qingsheng
    .

    How does language reflect and affect identity? How does language construct and maintain identity? And to what extent does language construct and maintain identity? These have been important issues in the field of language identity for a long time.In the past decades,Chinese scholars tried to answer these questions by focusing on the following six aspects:(1)the connotations of language identity,(2) social language and identity,(3) educational language and identity,(4)language and identity of migrant workers,(5)minority language andidentity,(6)overseas Chinese language andidentity.This article is a literature review that provides acomprehensive review of the relevant research on domestic and overseas Chinese,including the research progress and trends,major achievements and fields,the main methods and contributions.In the foreseeable future,the study of these six areas will remain very popular;however,the research in these areas calls for new methods,new paradigms,new approaches,and ethnography emerges as a promising alternative for the analysis of language and identity,which are conducive to examing “mindsets” of language users.A lot remains to be done in this field.

  • Li Yuming
    . 2016, 1(1): 1-1.

    战略,是指涉及全局的计划和策略。语言战略,是指涉及全局的有关语言文字的计划和策略。
    语言战略研究主要关注两方面的问题:其一,涉及全局的语言文字问题,比如中国二十世纪五六十年代的推广普通话、简化汉字、制定并推行汉语拼音方案,比如二十世纪九十年代以来的语言文字规范化、标准化和信息化;其二,利用语言文字来帮助解决关乎全局的问题,比如新加坡选定马来语为国语,印度以语言立邦,加拿大实施双语制,中国的第一外语由俄语嬗变为英语等。
    第一方面是语言领域的战略问题,第二方面是其他领域有关语言的战略问题。现实中,这两方面是相互关联、相互转化的,并非泾渭分明,也不需泾渭分明。比如少数民族地区的双语教育问题,若从促进民族认同、国家认同、语言权利的角度看,属于第二方面的问题,但若从提高少数民族的语言能力看,也可以看作第一方面的问题。
    随着时代的发展,越来越多的语言问题上升到战略层面。哪些语言问题能够上升到战略层面,与不同的国情和时代相关,也与语言战略研究的水平和社会的“语言自觉”相关。
    《语言战略研究》的创刊,既与时代的“语言自觉”相关,也与中国语言规划研究的快速发展相关。近些年,中国建立了一批研究机构,增设了语言规划学科的博士专业,逐渐形成了有自己主张与特色、关注语言生活的研究团队,成立了语言政策与规划研究会,出版了一批论文论著,其中包括连续编辑出版十年且被译介到国外的《中国语言生活状况报告》。这是《语言战略研究》得以创刊的学术环境。
    《语言战略研究》关注本土语言生活,关注中国社会发展中遇到的语言问题,同时也关注其他国家、地区和国际组织的语言规划,或以为借鉴,或为其献策。解决中国和国际社会的语言问题,绝非语言学一界之力所能为,应提倡“大学科”的理念,应动员多学科的参与。
    《语言战略研究》不仅关注语言规划实践,也重视学科建设和团队建设,特别欢迎国际学者的加盟,特别重视年轻学者的培养。将倾力搭建各种学术平台,来推进国内外、多学科的交流与合作,来支持年轻学人的成长。
    学术贵在真,战略重在用。《语言战略研究》不避热点,不讳危言,但言必有据。努力建造学界、社会和政府之间的“旋转门”,使语言战略具有学术支撑,具有现实品格,且能为政府和社会所用,济世惠民。为充分发挥语言功能、提升公民与社会的语言能力、减缓语言冲突、构建和谐的语言生活,贡献心力。

  • Sun Maosong and Zhou Jianshe
    .

    Machine translation (MT) is one of the major research fields of natural language processing (NLP), and it always spearheadsthe research frontier in NLP. In this paper, after a systematic survey of the development history of MT from a macroscopic perspective,with particular emphasis on the main development path of underlying methodologies and core technologies in MT, we drew a general picture of the milestones that marked the key points of a long journey for both theoretical study and practical accomplishment for the past seven decades. The latest fruitful development achieved in the area of MT application shows that, the paradigm shift from the traditional linguistic rule-based approaches to the so-called empirical approach, based on increasingly available amounts of “raw data” in the form of massive collections of texts and their translations, compounded by the phenomenal advancement of computer technology, will become the driving force that will potentially lead to the breakthrough in MT. Based on the above observation and analysis, some suggestions on the short-term development strategy for machine translation as well as natural language processing in China are proposed.

  • Xing Xin and Liang Yun
    .
    In “the Belt and Road Initiatives” formulated by the Chinese government in recent years,Central Asian countries are one of the target areas with which China intends to establish all-round bilateral synergies and cooperation.This paper surveys the language situations and policies in Central Asian countries (i.e.,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan),and investigates the language needs in this geographically-broad region in order to have a better understanding of these countries and facilitate the implementation of the policy agenda.In terms of language policies,each of these countries has established their own national language,and uses Russian as inter-ethnic lingua franca and English for international communication.Drawing data collected from a questionnaire survey conducted in Tajikistan,this paper analyzes the language needs in Central Asian countries.It is found that Russian,as a major regional language,is the most useful and highly infl uential language in these countries,while Chinese language learning is mainly motivated by employment needs.Moreover,the importance of English and other languages is also on the rise.To address the language needs in Central Asian countries,it is proposed that the language programmes should be application-oriented,and efforts should be made to cultivate language talents with Russian profi ciency and literacy as well as professional skills.
  • Lian Yihui
    .

    散心按语:随着全球一体化进程的加速及中国国际地位的提高,“华语”的要义和功能,已从其所关涉的语言传承和民族认同,逐渐扩展,成为制定语言政策、开展经济交往甚至影响国际政局的重要因素。它既是全球范围内的语言问题,也涉及语言资源和语言权利,是语言规划中的重要课题。本期我们邀请全球多个华语区的语言学者围绕“华人语言生活”发表观点,以飨读者。

    1.汉语走向世界的标志(北京大学 陆俭明)
    2.语言和谐相处的澳门(澳门大学 程祥徽) 
    3.谈谈海内外华人社会的外来词(复旦大学 游汝杰)
    4.语文历时与进化退化——论语文新旧运用的问题(台湾文藻外语大学 许长谟)
    5.多语——海外华人语言生活的现实及挑战( 英国伦敦大学 李 嵬) 
    6.华人语言生活中的“保强扶弱”(香港中文大学 吴伟平)
    7.让汉语成为国际交往的强势语言(中山大学 周小兵) 
    8.港澳人的语言观(澳门大学 侍建国) 
    9.华语语法研究若干问题(华中师范大学 汪国胜)
    10.大数据时代的华人语言和生活邹嘉彦(香港城市大学 邹嘉彦)

  • Jiang Jingyang and Ouyang Jinghui
    .

    It is well-documented that the national policies of foreign language education are formulated under the influence ofmany factors such as national policies in politics and economy, and the policies of foreign language education can shape the practiceof language teaching and learning. In China, English learning has long been instrumentalism-oriented, while its values to humancognition are under explored. In this study, a set of English compositions collected from different levels of English learners in Chinaare quantitatively analyzed to reveal the signifi cance of English learning to Chinese learners’ analytic thinking. It is found that Englishlearning has reinforced Chinese learners’ analytic thinking, a crucial ability for analyzing and solving problems. A linear increase wasobserved in their analytic thinking ability along with the improvement of English language ability. The positive infl uences of foreignlanguage learning on learners’ thinking developments imply that foreign language learning is valuable for the development of learners’cognitive abilities, and fostering learners’ analytical and critical thinking abilities should be made one of the goals of English teaching.

  • Wang Hui and Wang Yalan
    .

     This article explores the language situation of the “the Belt and Road” countries,including official language,ethnic language,and foreign language.Drawing on an extensive secondary research of offi cial and scholarly literature,we propose that at least 65 countries are connected by “the Belt and Road”,and no less than 53 official languages are used in these countries.The study fi nds that most of the countries have one official language,except 12 countries which have more than one official language.Further,most of the countries emphasize the importance of official language and stipulate that in the constitutions.Arabic serves as the offi cial language of 14 countries,mostly in West Asia and North Africa.Moreover,various ethnic languages are spoken in “the Belt and Road” countries,and the distribution of ethnic languages is closely connected to the historical and political situations of the country concerned.Foreign language is an important part in the language situation of these countries.English is a global language and in many cases is a second language or a foreign language in “the Belt and Road” countries.Languages such as Russian have enduring regional infl uences and still are widely used in the former Soviet Union countries.Remarkably,Chinese becomes increasingly important along with the establishment of Confucius Institutes.The paper shows that “the Belt and Road” countries have rich linguistic resources,complex language situations,and that language issues can be crucial for the success of “the Belt and Road Initiatives”.

  • Zhang Cong
    .

    This paper focuses on the vocabulary differences between British Mandarin Chinese and Putonghua. Drawing on a newspaper corpus, I demonstrate a number of results: there are lots of new words in British Mandarin Chinese; those words which are shared by British Mandarin Chinese and Putonghua are different in their sememes and connotations; differences are also found in the collocation of words; due to the historical connection between the United Kingdom and Hong Kong, many Cantonese words have become part of the British Mandarin Chinese. Meanwhile, I analyze the main causes of these differences and propose communication strategies between speakers of British Mandarin Chinese and speakers of Putonghua.

  • Lian Yihui
    .
    散心按语:近年来,用字或词来描述和记录当年的社会变迁和国际时事,成为一项民众参与的文化活动,并在世界各地流行开来。在中国,举办时间最长、影响力最大的语言盘点活动是由国家语言资源监测与研究中心和商务印书馆等机构组织发起的“汉语盘点”。十一年来,一年一度的“汉语盘点”已成为全民参与的语言年俗和文化盛宴,也构成了中国社会一道独特的语言文化景观。本期我们刊发9 位专家、学者、媒体人围绕“汉语盘点”发表的观点和文章,以飨读者。

    1.应理解网络原住民的创造力(北京语言大学 李宇明)
    2.书写民众心中的微历史(商务印书馆 于殿利)
    3.对汉语文化的别样传承(人民网 牛一兵)
    4.日常语言反映集体心理(中国人民大学 金灿荣) 
    5.“时代新词”记录时代的创新及特点(中国传媒大学 侯 敏)
    6.年度主题词引发的时代思考(北京师范大学 于 丹)
    7.每个人都有属于自己的关键字、关键词(人民日报社 杨 凯)
    8.年度字词引领社会风气(人民网 祝华新) 
    9.提升语言盘点的品牌与格调(人民网 张 欣)
  • Luk Van Mensel
    .
    In Brussels, the officially bilingual (Dutch-French) yet effectively multilingual capital of Belgium, transnational and multilingual families are becoming less and less exceptional. After a brief introduction to the linguistic situation in Brussels and Belgium, this paper discusses the language practices of three multilingual families from different (linguistic) backgrounds, living in and around Brussels. The findings illustrate how these families, regardless of their linguistic background, develop ways of interacting with each other that are far more dynamic and flexible than what they themselves claim to be doing. As a result, the linguistic makeup of these families is more complex and multifaceted than how it is presently being categorized by society.
  • Liu Chuqun
    .
    This linguistic landscaping research investigates commercial signs of four Chinese inland cities in Jiangxi province, compares data of the four cities and explains the results in light of socioeconomic factors. The researcher selects main commercial streets of each city,photographs shop signs and categorizes the data in terms of Chinese, English, French, Italian, Japanese, Korean, and other languages. The research fi nds that Chinese is the most used language in the shop signs across the four cities, and among the foreign languages, English is the most frequently used language, which is followed by Korean. This phenomenon is partly caused by the important position of English in the Chinese education system, and partly caused by the increasing infl uence of English in globalization. Furthermore, the research finds that traditional Chinese script is frequently used in shop signs, although simplifi ed Chinese script has been used systematically in the Chinese mainland for about fi fty years. The author proposes that the use of traditional Chinese script can signal a sense of sophistication and this in turn may be projected onto the products being sold in a shop. In conclusion, linguistic landscape can be infl uenced by the geographic location of a city, its transportation connections with other and especially bigger cities and its openness to foreign cultures.
  • Li Yuming
    .

    This article is about the formulation of Chinese School of Language Life, including its theoretical ground, its main members and their concerns, and its developing course. Language life refers to all activities associated with the application, learning and study of language and scripts, language knowledge and language technology. Application, learning and study are three dimensions of language life. The “language” concerned by language life includes language and scripts, language knowledge, and language technology. A matrix combining the three dimensions of application, learning, study and three ranges of language, language knowledge and language technology results in nine categories: language application, language knowledge application, language technology application, language learning, language knowledge learning, language technology learning, language study, language knowledge study and language technology study. This paper argues that a great deal of work has been done in the area of language life, such as: sociolinguistic observations in respective areas, carrying out quantitative study on language life through media and press, conducting analysis on language situation, and implementing investigations into public views on language issues. As a result, Chinese scholars have developed a framework for study of language use, and eventually, an emerging “School of Language Life” came into being with an objective of “to conduct language and linguistic research on language life and for language life”.

  • Lian Yihui
    .
    编者的话:今年是普通话推行60 周年,清华大学语言研究中心于2016 年6 月11 日主办“汉民族共同语研究”工作坊,主要议题:1. 从六朝至明清,什么是汉民族的共同语?什么是“汉儿言语”?它们和明清的“官话”是什么关系? 2. 20 世纪初的白话作品的语言基础是什么? 3. 今后的汉民族共同语(书面语和口语)应朝什么方向发展?本刊通过张美兰教授邀请了部分参会专家就以上问题发表看法,以飨读者。
    1.汉民族共同语的历史和现状(北京大学/ 清华大学 蒋绍愚)
    2.汉民族共同语(书面语和口语)的原理和发展方向(香港中文大学 冯胜利)
    3.汉魏六朝的共同语与方言(浙江大学汉语史研究中心 方一新)
    4.六朝至唐代的汉民族共同语(浙江大学 真大成)
    5.元明易代与现代汉语民族共同语的形成(浙江大学 汪维辉)
    6.“汉儿言语”与官话(日本神户市外国语大学 佐藤晴彦)
    7.围绕“汉儿言语”的几个问题(日本神户市外国语大学 竹越孝)
    8.晚清五声调官话之优势地位(美国罗格斯新泽西州立大学 Richard VanNess Simmons,史皓元)
    9.普通话是北京官话和南京官话的混合(北京大学 郭锐)
    10.言文合一与大众通俗白话语体的形成(清华大学 张美兰)
    11.语体词汇的扩散与共同语的发展(清华大学/ 天津师范大学 穆涌)
    12.实现语言交际的功能是民族共同语发展的方向(中国政法大学 张文)
  • Huang Xing
    .
    Language identity and ethnic identity are interrelated.Language has various functions and thus plays different roles in identity construction.A national common language,for instance,functions as a common tool for communication and may construct a national identity,whereas dialects and ethnic languages can be more useful in constructing a cultural identity and for maintaining social rights.In addition,people who speak dialects or minority languages,and people who live in a multilingual environment,may show stronger language identity awareness than those who only speak the dominant languages,or those who use the languages of the majority population,and those who live in a monolingual environment.In this article,a number of studies are reviewed,including studies in the areas of national common language,regional dialects,and ethnic minority languages,and the related issues suchas language rights and cultural functions are discussed and problematized.Given the fact that the national language and ethnic languages have different social functions,for achieving language identity harmony we can improve the national language status with marketoriented policies,and protect the languages rights of the ethnic minority communities with non-market incentives.
  • Wu Wanhua and Qi Ruying
    .
    Children’s acquisition of specifi c classifiers in classifi er languages (such as Chinese) has received much scholarly attention. In this study, preschool children’s overuse of the general classifi er ge in Mandarin is investigated in order to fi nd out the infl uence of caretakers’ input on young learners’ choice of classifiers. In Chinese, the general classifier ge can be used for a variety of head nouns, yet there are some nouns which grammatically require other specifi c classifiers. Previous studies showed that children’s ‘overgeneralisation’ of ge in Mandarin refl ects a rule-based learning mechanism. Methodologically, the elicitation counting in previous studies ignored the authentic input from caregivers, so it is unclear whether children’s overuse of ge is simply a case of overgeneralisation in acquisition or an outcome caused by other factors such as caretakers’ input. In this study, a corpus of teachers’ and children’s natural conversations are used to analyse the patterns of ge in caretakers’ productions in relation to children’s uses of the classifi er. The corpus includes Mandarin transcripts of weekly recordings of teachers and children in a childcare centre in China, and the participants involved are five teachers, seven English-Mandarin bilingual children and twelve Mandarin monolingual children. The results show that bilingual and monolingual children show similar patterns of overuse of ge, and both teachers and children extend the use of ge for nouns which require specific classifiers, though the rate of teachers’ overuse is signifi cantly lower than that of children. The results suggest that children’s overuse of ge is infl uenced by caretakers’ input as well as rule-based learning. Thus, we propose that the caretakers’ input and children’s rule-based mechanism are two contributing factors for the generalized use of ge for young learners in China.
  • Zhao Ming;Lei Lei;Huang Tao;Yang Tianjiang
    .

    编者按:20 世纪中叶以来,西方世界法哲学经历了一场堪比自然科学领域哥白尼革命的语言哲学转向,并进而波及了其他诸多学科领域。作为一种研究方法,语言哲学相信,对于法律思想和法律现象的哲学理解能够而且必须通过对语言的说明来进行,在这一法语言学思潮中,产生了一系列诸如哈特《法律的概念》、凯尔森《纯粹法理论》等对后世法哲学领域产生深远影响的经典著作。本期我们邀请了四位从事法学理论与实务研究的法学家分别从不同的角度阐释这一颠覆性的语言转向问题。
    法律语言之“门”/ 赵明
    法哲学研究中的哥白尼革命/ 雷磊
    走向语言的共同体——对于当前法哲学的语言学转向的一点思考/ 黄涛
    从“法律与语言”到法律语言学/ 杨天江

  • Chen Peng
    .

    China’s Language Industry has witnessed three waves of development in the past three decades. The fi rst wave appeared in around 1990, a time when the traditional Language Industry experienced a rapid expansion. The second wave started in around 2000, a time often seen as the rise of Language Information Industry. The third wave arrived in around 2010, a period when “language information technology platforms” (e.g., internet, cell phones and language intelligence) became a major media for press, education and speech synthesis.The three waves are three continuous developmental phases, showing the upgrading trajectory of the language industry in China. With regard to the driving forces of such developments, this paper contends that the first wave can be attributed to the opening up of the Chinese society, while the second and the third waves are the results of the revolution of Language Information Technology. It is predicted that the next phase in China will be “Artifi cial Intelligence plus Language Industry” .

  • Hou Min and Teng Yonglin
    .
    This article samples thirteen years’ the People’s Daily published between 1955 and 2015 and investigates the use of Roman abbreviations in the newspaper over a time span of 60 years. The study reviews Roman abbreviation use, explains the method of data selection, and discusses the current situation of the Roman abbreviations in Chinese texts. The research shows that the use of Roman abbreviations rapidly increased in the initial stage, became stable, and remained to be part of the Chinese texts. The Roman abbreviations fi rst occurred in the pattern of “Roman abbreviation + Chinese characters”, but this pattern was gradually replaced by alphabetic abbreviations. The article concludes that single use of a particular Roman abbreviation, use of low frequency abbreviations, inconsistent use of Roman abbreviations are common and affect information distribution and communication. Drawing on these findings, the authors also discuss its implications for language policy making.
  • Sun Hongkai
    .
    Since the 1960s, we have launched a longitudinal study on the Anong language, spoken by a branch of the Nu ethnic group in Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. As researchers, we have witnessed its whole declining process. This study can serve as an exemplary case, demonstrating the forlorn hope of some endangered ethnic languages in China. Through analyzing its declining details, we not only have a good general understanding of the linguistic and social causes accounting for the changes, but also have seen the structural changes of the language in the process. In this study, we focus on the development occurred to both social milieu and linguistic structures, as well as the changes in native speakers’ attitudes towards their mother tongue. The combination of the precious study and the current analysis enables us to obtain an overall picture of the declining process from historical perspective. Based on our observation for over half a century, we conclude that the decline of the Anong language has come to a critical point, and without modus operandi of effective language maintenance, the lanuage is bound to lose its communicative function completely in one or two decades and become a dead language.
  • Wen Qiufang
    .

    The realization of “the Belt and Road (B & R) Initiatives” urgently needs a large number of language-qualifi ed personnel.This paper is to report what has been refl ected by the writer on the issue of producing such people for the B & R.As a result,three problems are identified,which include:1) when considering defi ciency in language-qualified personnel for the B&R,we tend to take an inner perspective only,which means looking at China without thinking of countries and regions along the B & R at the same time;2) lack the mechanism of designing top-down BA programs of less commonly taught languages;and 3) the current curriculum without a sound theoretical basis and clear goals of producing specifi ed types of language-qualifi ed personnel.To solve these problems,three suggestions are proposed:1) in order to construct a better curriculum,three elements (i.e.national/social needs,individual students’ development and language learning theories) need to be considered simultaneously;2) with both inner and outer perspectives,language-qualified personnel for the B & R must be produced in diversifi ed programs;and 3)lessons from the American practice can be taken to make ‘Language+X’ combined programs in China more effective.

  • Xing Fuyi
    .
    null
  • Wang Meng, Zhao Yu and Li Guowen
    .
    Writers on Language and Language Life
  • Lu Deping
    .
    This article attempts to address the issues concerning Chinese language overseas spread from a theoretic perspective. An idealized or successful Chinese international communication ought to be taken as production and reproduction of a communicative process text, which has a complex set of meaningful layers rather than a linear mode of speech. Each textual production and reproduction is regulated or even controlled largely by its immanent consistency, coherency and unity. However, a variety of deconstructive factors can pose a threat to the formation of this consistent, coherent and unitary text of communicative process, to the extent that it may lead to an unsuccessful communication. Nonetheless, such inconsistency and incoherency of communicative text are by no means meaningless or negative. Although these deconstructive forces are barriers to a mutual understanding and for consensus to be reached between participants of a dialogue, they are bound to be necessary for overcoming the barriers, and to stimulate an urge to converse across cultures and communities. This cross-cultural communicative situation therefore has a special signifi cance different from what one may appreciate in a mother tongue setting. Carriers of Chinese as a mother tongue may face toughest barriers and lowest agreement in communicating with an alien partner, but also a tensest and most astonishing communication, which is likely to be transformed into a meaningful and attractive communication.