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  • Dong Ping
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 64-74. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260106
    From the perspective of actual usage shown in ancient Chinese corpora, the overlap of different first-person pronouns at various semantic levels indicates philosophically that as human beings carry out communication activities in different aspects of existence, the awareness of the self also emerges and gradually deepens in the process of interacting with others on different dimensions. In Classical Chinese, the first-person pronouns in the ordinary sense are primarily three forms: wo 我, yu予(also written 余,台), and wu吾. The pronoun wo chiefly denotes the self as externally manifested and set in contrast to others, with the meaning of the embodied “person” or “body” at its core. By contrast, yu tends to function as a more general term of self-reference, emphasizing the individual as an integrated unity of body and mind. “吾” does not truly emerged untilg the Spring and Autumn Period. It refers to the inner self and denotes the authentic subject. Its appearance marked a deepening of self-cognition and represented a new stage in the development of self-awareness.“思(sī)”(thinking, introspection) is the primordial capability of “吾” and the fundamental way for the subject to confirm the conrcete reality of its own existence, thereby restoring the wholeness of being. In this way, existence and value are rendered fully identical.  “毋我(wú wǒ)” (freedom from ego attachment) is an essential requirement for individuals to participate in experiential communication activities with the “己(jǐ)” (self) that roots in the true reality. “吾丧我(wú sàng wǒ)” (destruction of the ego with the Self) requires 吾as the subject to immune from the dualization of the “己” so that to keep the wholeness of existence of the self. The realization of “己” is not only the restoration of an individual’s reality of existence and the realization of the subjectivity, but also the realization of his value of existence in the current interreaction context, thereby unifying the existence and its value. Through the analysis of the usage of different first-person pronouns in ancient Chinese text, analyzing the function of si 思, and interpreting the meanings of wu wo 毋我and wu sang wo 吾丧我, this paper structurally reconstructs and expounds on the philosophical ideas embodied in the first-person pronouns in classical Chinese.
  • Ge Zhaoyi and Li Yuming
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 29-41. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260103
    The language rehabilitation industry represents a specialised sector within both the broader language industry and the Greater Health industry. There is a need to develop a “Greater Language Rehabilitation Industry” that aligns with the principles of Greater Health, serves the entire population throughout the life span, and transcends the traditional confines of hearing and speech rehabilitation. Focusing on individuals with language disorders, the language rehabilitation industry possesses dual characteristics: it functions as both a public good and an industry, offering products and services that span language commodities and language welfare. Currently, the market size of China’s language rehabilitation industry exceeds 30 billion RMB, yet a substantial gap between supply and demand persists, indicating a significant market potential that could reach several hundred billion RMB. The industry’s current capacity falls short of meeting the rehabilitation needs of the tens of millions of people affected by language disorders. Addressing this critical issue requires dedicated efforts in three key areas: redefining industry perception, strengthening the human resource system, and enhancing welfare policies. This paper constructs an ecosystem framework for the language rehabilitation industry and argues that language health is an essential component of national health, without which individual well-being and happiness are difficult to achieve. Furthermore, the capacity to provide language rehabilitation services should be regarded as an integral aspect of a nation’s language competence. Achieving “language health for all” should be recognised as a shared goal within the broader “Healthy China” initiative.
  • Zhao Tingyang
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 5-15. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260101
    This article argues that the systematic character of language can be adequately examined only through a metalanguage capable of reflecting on language from a higher-order standpoint. It first considers formal (mathematical) logic as a candidate metalanguage: although it can capture truth relations among propositions, its restricted semantic range prevents it from serving as a metalanguage for the full spectrum of thought. It then revisits Wittgenstein’s notion of language games as an alternative metalanguage that translates meaning into a set of socially rule-governed uses. While this approach offers an external and publicly inspectable point of reference for semantics, it remains limited to reflecting on the nature of rules and does not account for language’s thought-laden dimension. The paper next turns to large language models (LLM) as a contemporary, non-traditional metalanguage. LLM operationalize a grammar of signs grounded in correlational relevance—probabilistically optimized linkages among tokens—and evolutionary updating, whereby empirical Bayesian adjustment continuously recalibrates the credibility of these correlations. On this view, LLM can process relations at scale, yet the resulting sign system remains a mapping that fails to represent the wholeness of objects and the world; it therefore lacks genuine understanding. The essence of thought lies in “selecting” a particular “possible world”. At its core, thinking is an act of “choice”: it selects and commits to a certain possible world among alternatives. Against this background, the article proposes a speculative “grammar of thought” and associated metalanguage built on negation and verbs. Negation secures the essential function of thought as selection—the capacity to choose among possible worlds—while verbs provide the generative structure through which possible worlds are constructed. The author suggests that this framework could upgrade mere mapping into a morphism oriented toward holistic intelligibility, offering a methodological route toward a next-generation of AI “world model”. Its putative advantage lies in simultaneously opening unlimited possibilities, supporting causal explanation, and enabling reflexive analysis of any language from within natural language itself, thus obtaining a better metalanguage.
  • Shi Jinsheng and Li Xueting
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 42-52. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260104
    Since the 1990s, the development of automated essay scoring (AES) has progressed through three major phases: feature-based statistical machine learning, neural network-based deep learning, and generative pre-trained language models. Throughout this evolution, scoring rubrics and language intelligence techniques have intertwined and advanced synergistically, driving AES toward greater efficiency and rationality through their competitive pursuit of dominance in the AES. AES research has evolved from focusing on superficial statistical linguistic features to exploring complex semantic and formal features, enabling comprehensive scoring along both formal and content-based dimensions. Research on AES for Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) has primarily focused on the MHK test and the HSK test, which are designed for domestic ethnic minorities and foreign learners of Chinese, respectively. It lacks the verification of the effects on various neural network models or large-scale datasets. Technological advances in Large Language Models suggest potential solutions to current problems concerning AES for CSL. Future AES research needs to move from resembling the outcomes of manual scoring to imitating the thinking of manual scoring, transition from holistic rating scoring to analytic rating scoring, and enhance AES model reliability and interpretability through both chain-of-thought fine-tuning and high-quality corpora.
  • Yang Dan
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 1-1.
  • Chen Junzao
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 75-83. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250408
    During the 18th and 19th centuries, German philosophy experienced a surge of interest in linguistic-philosophical inquiry, centering on the relationship between language and thought. Philosophers sought inspiration from non-European languages in the hope of constructing a linguistic foundation for expressing universal truths. Hegel was one of the leading figures in this movement. His view of Chinese characters encompasses three levels: the nature and positioning of Chinese characters, their symbolic characteristics, and cultural consequences. Hegel regarded Chinese characters as typical examples of ideographic writing which “signifies representations through spatial imagery”, contrasting it with alphabetic systems that rely on phonetic symbols tied to sound, as Chinese characters function through visual forms. Hegel argues that, sound as a linguistic medium, is more immediate and spiritual in language symbols, thus making alphabetic scripts more definite and spiritually pure. The relationship between Chinese characters, pronunciation, and spoken language is loose and uncertain, with a large number of symbols and complex graphic structures. These features of Chinese characters have led to the slow progress and stagnation of Chinese cultural development. In summary, he evaluated Chinese characters from within a theoretical framework centered on the development and manifestation of “spirit”; but his understanding of Chinese characters and Chinese culture was rather rigid and stereotypical. A close examination of his works and lecture notes shows that his knowledge of Chinese characters and Chinese culture came from the writings of European missionaries and sinologists at the time. His negative judgments about Chinese characters were the result of both the level of knowledge about Chinese characters in the European intellectual community at the time and his personal philosophical convictions. From the modern period to the present, European philosophers’ engagement with  Chinese characters has always been treated as an external resource and supplement, used to “defend” or “subvert” existing Western philosophical traditions centered on the logoscentric and phonocentric philosophical traditions.
  • Li Yuming
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 1-1.
  • Cui Yingxian
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 87-96. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260108
    “Center” (中) and “loyalty” (忠) are fundamental words in the Chinese language, with the latter deriving from the former. The early cognitive mechanism of the Han people, which transitioned “from spatial orientation to temporal concepts, from the concrete to the abstract”, played a fundamental role in driving the semantic derivation of the latter. After the emergence of “loyalty”, its meaning shifted from “sincerity” to “loyalty” within a very short period. The underlying force driving this change was the political-ethical belief in the “integration of family and state”, while its solidification was achieved through habitual collocations from morphology to syntax. In this regard, the ethical propositions and linguistic applications of Confucianism and Mohism exhibit a certain degree of divergence. Regarding the concept of “loyalty to the ruler”, Confucianism, which emphasizes hierarchical order, does not reinforce it in linguistic combinations. In contrast, Mohism, which advocates “universal love” and “elevating uniformity”, frequently employs it in written works, even solidifying the term “loyal minister” (忠臣) as a fixed expression. Once a strong linguistic collocation is established, it can shape value judgments that influence social consciousness, allowing people today to perceive the epistemological significance in the philosophy of language.
  • Hu Kaibao, Huang Renxuan, Liu Genhui, Wang Lifei, Liang Linlin, Zhu Zude, Zhang Hongsheng, Li Xue, Zhang Weiguo, He Lin, Wang Zhaoyu, Wang Wenhao and Guo Xi
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 58-71.

    数字中文背景下关键语料基础设施建设的问题与路径 / 胡开宝

    数字中文语境下语言学科建设的四大根本性转变 / 黄仁瑄,刘根辉

    数字中文建设背景下亟需语言人才的供给侧改革 / 王立非

    语言科学交叉学科建设势在必行 / 梁琳琳,朱祖德

    数字中文赋能语言文化传承发展的四大路径 / 张洪生

    数字中文重构语言–技术产业新生态 / 李 雪

    数字中文将推动产业升级 / 张卫国

    数字中文促进社会协同进步 / 赫 琳,王炤宇

    建议将境外中文资源纳入数字中文新基建 / 王文豪,郭 熙







  • Zhai Zhanguo
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 87-96. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250507
    Most Chinese cities at the prefectural level and above employ one-character abbreviations for their place names, which can be categorized into three types: initial-character, final-character, and alias-based. Some cities, however, do not implement any one-character abbreviations at all. Through comprehensively examining the one-character abbreviations used in COVID-19 prevention notices and official document codes across 337 mainland Chinese cities, two core mechanisms for abbreviation formation are identified: (1) The first is exclusion mechanism, under which the abbreviations used in public notices avoid using numerals, directional terms, characters identical to provincial names/abbreviations, characters with low distinctiveness or those evoking inappropriate connotations or associations, while document code adoption applies looser restrictions (primarily directional terms and provincial name overlaps) with frequent exceptions. (2) The second is selection mechanisms, which are largely consistent for both types of abbreviations: use an abbreviation wherever possible, with a preference for the first character; if the first character is unsuitable, consider the last character; if an alias exists, it takes precedence; if none of the above apply, no abbreviation is used. Currently, the key issues identified in the use of one-character city name abbreviations in China include: suboptimal character selection, lack of standardized abbreviations for major cities, and improper cultural usage in ethnic minority regions where traditional naming conventions are often overlooked. It is recommended to standardize the abbreviations of well-known cities to align with historical and cultural contexts, enrich the cultural and historical connotations of these abbreviations by incorporating local heritage and linguistic traditions, and implement contextual guidelines to prevent insensitive or culturally inappropriate abbreviations, particularly in ethnic minority regions. To sum up, this study contributes to the rationalization of urban place name abbreviations, fostering clarity in administrative communication while preserving cultural diversity.
  • Jiang Linlin, Bao Yurong, Wang Weiwei and Huang Wei
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 16-24. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250402
    The past decades have witnessed a rapid development of research on health communication, and scholars have explored health communication from different perspectives. This study focuses on doctor-patient communication from the perspective of healthcare providers. A survey conducted among medical staff at a top-tier general hospital in Beijing reveals that the primary language problems in doctor-patient communication from the healthcare providers’ perspective include: (1) patients’ language barriers, including dialect barriers and communication difficulties for special groups; (2) deficiencies in patients’ expressions, such as their inability to translate laymen’s language into diagnostic terms, and information loss due to inappropriate expressions; (3) cognitive differences, involving the asymmetry in medical information comprehension, the misinterpretation of language styles, and the communication mismatch. Contributing factors stem from multiple dimensions such as healthcare providers (e.g., professional competence, communication awareness/skills, professional norms and ethics), patients (e.g., individual traits, psychological and emotional state, health/rights awareness), and external factors (e.g., consulting environment, media influence and social atmosphere). Based on the findings of this study, some suggestions are proposed as follows: healthcare providers should enhance communication awareness and language precision skills; hospitals establish standardized communication protocols and diversify medical science popularization; social media be regulated and guided, and more participation be encouraged in health language services.
  • Chen Hui
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250406
    In Edmund Husserl’s conception, language and thought are distinct from each other, with language functioning to designate and express what has already been presented in thought. From the perspective of Derridean phenomenology, however, language precedes thought, serving as the foundational frame that structures and fundamentally constructs thinking itself. Derrida critiques phonocentrism—the privileging of speech over writing—and demonstrates that it is the primacy of writing that enables the full realization and radicalization of speech and the entire language system. Based on this insight, the system of Chinese characters constitutes the foundational frame of Chinese mode of thinking, and for Chinese people, functions as a kind of transcendental schema for Chinese cognition. Through the interpretative lens of this schema, our access is not to the things themselves, but to the experience of things which has been mediated and interpreted by this framework. Yet, according to Derrida’s idea of “arche-writing”, the linguistic system, represented and radicalized by writing, possesses an inherent openness. This openness makes it possible to conceive of an alternative reduction by furthering the essence of phenomenological reduction. This alternative reduction involves continuously breaking through existing interpretive frameworks in the open systems of Chinese characters and language, suspending these filters and interpretations, and moving towards new ones. In this process, we edge closer to the things themselves.
  • Zhang Li, Zhang Xiao and Le Thidongvinh
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 37-43. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250503
    Since the proposal of the “Chinese+” concept in 2019, it has attracted considerable attention. However, there is a clear divergence in understanding its connotation and denotation, particularly its relationship with Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP) language teaching. Scholars hold different views over the relationship between “Chinese+” and CSP language teaching. Some believe that the former is equivalent to the latter, while some think that the former subsumes the latter, and others argue that the former does not subsume the latter. Considering the misunderstandings and misuse of the “Chinese+” concept, this study aims to define the “Chinese+” concept and clarify its relationship with CSP language teaching. Drawing on the theoretical framework of CSP language teaching, this paper examines the connections and distinctions between “Chinese+” and CSP. It posits that “Chinese+” constitutes a more advanced macro-policy concept. Its central ethos lies in the broader and deeper integration of international Chinese Education with Vocational and Professional Education, thereby advancing the internationalization of Chinese Vocational and Professional Education systems and cultivating international professionals who are proficient in Chinese and possess specialized knowledge and skills. CSP, as an academic construct, is oriented towards the professional or academic purposes of learners. Therefore, these two concepts should not be conflated.
  • Li Yan and He Hongzhi
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 17-28. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260102
    ‘Language professions’ refer to occupational categories in which practitioners derive their livelihood from providing language products and services. They are directly related to the high-quality supply of language products and the sustainable development of the language industry, and affects the overall planning of language talent development. Language professions and talents are producers of language products and providers of language services, and creators of language productivity. These professions can be classified into “typical language professions” and “quasi-language professions” based on whether the primary output consists of language products and the extent to which task completion relies heavily on linguistic expression. This paper defines the concept of “language profession” and maps out the existing language professions and those yet to be recognized in the National Occupational Classification Codex of the People's Republic of China (2022 Edition). It further proposes a foundational research framework for language professions comprising three hierarchical levels: from the base upward, these are studies of occupational conditions, analyses of underlying dynamics and mechanisms, and investigations into development strategies. Building on this framework, the paper offers the following recommendations: for language professions with an established number of practitioners but have not yet been included in the Codex, they should be formally supplemented and recognized, and professional terminology should be standardized; emerging language professions should be actively cultivated, especially language technology professions; Starting from the study of language vocational abilities, construct a language vocational standard system; Focusing on the investigation of language occupational conditions, comprehensively grasp the current state of language professions in China; and a national database of language professions should be established to support talent development in the field and planning for the language industry.
  • Wang Chunhui
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 5-19. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250601
    The concept and system of “Digital Chinese” have emerged along the developmental trajectory of “Digital Earth (Global) — Digital XX (Regional/Field) — Digital China (National/Comprehensive) — Digital Chinese”. From a holistic perspective, Digital Chinese constitutes a “seven-in-one” systematic framework, encompassing the following dimensions: Digital Chinese philosophy, technology, resources, applications, governance, research, and civilization. The future development of this system faces theoretical and practical challenges, which can be addressed through strategies such as improving policies and regulations, planning standards and norms, promoting interdepartmental collaboration, enhancing the transformation of scientific research achievements, and advancing technological innovation and application expansion—while remaining grounded in China’s national conditions and learning from international experience. Against the backdrop of the emerging “Threefold Coexistence” era of humans, machines, and nature, the future of Digital Chinese holds immense potential.
  • Wu Genyou
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 75-86. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260107
    Humanity has long been situated in “world history”. Contemporary and future Chinese-language philosophy should move beyond its classical and modern configurations toward a future-oriented form, one that is rooted in the lived experience of the Chinese-speaking world while also articulating the new realities of “China in the world” and “the world within China”. In the face of philosophical questions shared by humankind in the context of world history, providing philosophical responses in Chinese should be regarded as a historical mission for present and future scholars engaged in philosophical research in the Chinese-speaking world. From the perspective of the traditional debate on the correspondence between names and realities, “Chinese-language philosophy” and “Chinese philosophy” each have their own objects of reflection, yet they also significantly intersect and overlap. This article rejects the notion of a “universal philosophy” advanced by some scholars, but does not deny the existence of philosophical questions common to all humanity. From a civilizational perspective, such shared philosophical questions may take distinct philosophical forms when expressed in different national languages. Within genuine world history, in responding to humanity’s shared philosophical questions, philosophies expressed in different national languages can generate philosophical answers that embody an “overlapping consensus”. One of the historical missions of contemporary and future Chinese-language philosophy is to offer its own responses to these shared philosophical questions of humanity.
  • Zhou Xiaobing, Jiang Chenhao, Zhang Danni and Yuan Li
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 27-36. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250502
    The development of the Chinese language curriculum for K-12 education represents a critical step for countries seeking to integrate Chinese into their national education systems. To date, 85 countries have formally incorporated Chinese as a foreign language within their basic education frameworks. Curriculum guidelines across these contexts vary in structure: some are issued centrally at the national level, others are developed by regional authorities, and in some cases, national and regional guidelines coexist. A notable trend in recent years has been a shift from list-based syllabi centered on discrete linguistic elements to task-oriented frameworks that prioritize communicative competence. In countries with advanced education systems, Chinese language curricula are increasingly shaped by localization and context-specific needs. Based on an analysis of two representative cases—the New Zealand NCEA Chinese Examination Vocabulary List and the Chinese Language Curriculum Framework for Excellence (2022 Edition) from the United Arab Emirates—this study identifies key challenges in the current development of overseas Chinese language curricula. These include insufficient alignment between content and structure, limited responsiveness to evolving educational paradigms, and the narrow perspectives of curriculum developers. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach: optimizing and integrating curriculum structures, contextualizing implementation and pedagogical application, conducting comparative analysis of second language curriculum models across multiple languages, and establishing collaborative development mechanisms while promoting standardization. These efforts are essential to fostering innovation and enhancing the global design and implementation of Chinese language curricula in K-12 education.
  • Han Lintao and Yang Erhong
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 36-48. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250603
    The success of Digital Chinese development ultimately depends on whether its users, researchers, and creators possess the necessary core competencies. Large Language Model (LLM) constitutes a critical technological domain and a strategic priority in this new stage of development. Research among student populations reveals key characteristics and structural issues in LLM literacy, including a significant “inversion” between high-frequency usage and systematic learning, which points to a structural imbalance; generally low self-assessment of literacy, limited confidence and insufficient advanced application skills; and a tendency toward superficial application across broad yet shallow scenarios. Digital Chinese emphasizes the integration of language and technology, centrality of data, comprehensive empowerment, and commitment to standardization and safety. Grounded in these core principles, this study constructs a “Five-Dimension, Three-Level” LLM literacy framework. It identifies cognition and understanding as the foundational element, ethics and responsibility as the guiding principle, interaction and collaboration as the methodological core, learning and innovation as the developmental pathway, and career and entrepreneurship as the ultimate objective. The framework proposes a continuum comprising general foundational literacy, specialized integrative literacy, and leading developmental literacy. Finally, it outlines a holistic “Five-in-One” cultivation pathway: oriented by needs, driven by collaborative innovation, centered on curriculum and instruction, guided by assessment reform, and supported by faculty development.
  • Ye Jun, Zhu Xiaorui and Lin Pengfei
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 20-35. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250602
    In the digital era, the development and application of generative artificial intelligence, represented by large language models, have made digital literacy a vital component of new quality productive forces. Digital language resources not only reflect a nation’s soft power but also act as the cornerstone of its future development. The vitality and influence of the Chinese language in the digital space are significant indicators of China’s language situation and national standing. This study makes a preliminary evaluation of the vitality and influence of Chinese in the digital space by building an indicator system centered on digital language use. This system covers five vertical domains, including economic, technological, cultural, social, and educational, in addition to basic Digital Chinese indicators. By collecting and analyzing relevant data, the study compares the use of Chinese with that of other major world languages, such as English, French, Spanish, Russian, and Arabic. The findings indicate that, driven by the digital wave, Chinese has broken through geographical boundaries to become a global language. The vitality and influence of Chinese in the digital space are firmly ranked second in the world, having created a considerable gap over other major languages except English. The most prominent characteristic of the Digital Chinese ecosystem is its relative abundance of dynamic data and scarcity of static data. Furthermore, the protection of digital cultural classics and the development of Digital Chinese applications are identified as two major highlights of the language’s digital development.
  • Li Jia, Wang Mengna, Zhang Jie, Hong Yu and Deng Rui
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250403
    “Guomen Hospitals”, located in China’s border areas, are the medical institutions designated and accredited by relevant Chinese government departments. Guomen hospitals not only provide local residents with healthcare services but also undertake the tasks such as cross-border medical services, joint prevention and control of infectious diseases. Given the significant number of ethnic minority and foreign patients at Guomen hospitals, it is of vital importance to mobilize multilingual resources, enhance the quality of language services, and safeguard the national public health security. This study selected four Guomen hospitals in the China-Laos borderlands as research sites. Drawing on the multiple data types such as semi-structured interviews and participant observations, the study investigates what language services are available at Guomen hospitals and to what extent these language services can help linguistic minorities overcome their communication barriers. There are three types of language services: interpreting and translation services, multilingual landscape services, and multilingual public health services. First of all, this study shows the inadequacy of Mandarin-Lao translation software, which is unlikely to replace human interpreters and translators. Interpreting and translation services at Guomen hospitals highlight the importance of delivering humanistic care and raising cross-cultural awareness. Secondly, multilingual landscape services serve the functions of cultural dissemination and international publicity. Thirdly, multilingual public health services enhance health literacy among Chinese and Lao border residents and foster friendly relations in the China-Laos borderlands. The study relates language services to a wider process of multidimensional effects in economy, culture, good neighborliness, and border security. The study can shed some insights on how to enact multilingual resources, intensify international medical cooperation, and enhance China’s global influence in the healthcare industry.
  • Wang Feng, Fang Xiaobing, Zhang Ripei, Huang Xing, Wang Lei, Dai Hongliang, Zhang Tianwei, Zhao Ronghui and Yuan Wei
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(2): 5-13.

    新法推进国家通用语言文字事业高质量发展 / 王 锋

    新法强化语言在国家治理中的制度性要素作用 / 方小兵

    新法为语言文字信息化建设提供坚实法治保障 / 张日培

    新法对我国民族地区语言生活的影响 / 黄 行

    依法管理网络语言生活成为新法亮点 / 汪 磊

    新法为两岸语言文字事业指明了方向 / 戴红亮

    新法明确中文传播以国家通用语言文字为主 / 张天伟
    世界语言立法的中国方案 / 赵蓉晖

    依法强化语言文字工作体制机制建设 / 袁 伟

  • Liu Haitao
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(2): 39-52. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260203
    To meet the demand for transnational communication tools during the first period of globalization (approximately 1870–1914), more than 300 planned languages were created. Among them, Volapük and Esperanto, which emerged in 1880 and 1887 respectively, are particularly well-known. The former enjoyed a brief period of popularity before quickly disappearing, while the latter grew into a “living language” with sustained social vitality. Analyzing the reasons for their success and failure, the founders and users of Volapük did not plan and use the language according to the laws of language evolution, leading to its stagnation due to centralized power monopoly. Esperanto, on the other hand, achieved a leap from a written project to a social reality by relinquishing individual rights, establishing the stability of underlying protocols, and text-driven learning. Comparing their socialization processes reveals that the vitality of a language is rooted in the social emergence of real-world use, rather than the mechanical perfection of grammatical design. The evolutionary paradigm of Esperanto foreshadows the technological logic of the contemporary large language model’s transformation from “rule-driven” to “data-driven”. Essentially, language planning is a social project, and its success hinges on whether it can achieve a paradigm shift from engineering design to ecological cultivation, and from administrative control to democratic governance. Exploring the historical experience of the rise and fall of planned languages can provide theoretical reference and historical lessons for language planning in the data-based intelligence era and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
  • Jiang Xinmei
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 34-43. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250404
    Patients from linguistically disadvantaged groups often face communication barriers when seeking medical care, highlighting the importance of language services in healthcare settings. This study focuses on ethnic minority patients, employing questionnaire surveys, interviews, and observations to investigate the situation in three hospitals in Xichang City, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The findings include significant disparities in language proficiency between healthcare providers and Yi patients, communication barriers involving both spoken and written language, and a shared need for language services among healthcare professionals and patients. The demand for medical language service resources varies considerably: there is a high demand for human resources such as bilingual healthcare workers and volunteers, while the need for written resources is lower. Additionally, medical professionals exhibit a greater need for technical resources compared to patients. There is also a demand for policy guarantees in this domain. The study suggests optimization in the following areas: enhancing the diversity of service providers and establishing a volunteer-based medical language service system; building and improving human resource capacity for medical language services to align with patients and healthcare providers’ language abilities; strengthening technological support through tools like translation devices and remote translation platforms; and developing a comprehensive system of policies and legal frameworks to ensure adequate medical language services.
  • Su Xinchun
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 5-14. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250501
    This paper systematically reviews the formation trajectory, theoretical framework, and practical impact of the language resource perspective as a foundational theory of the School of Language Life (SLL). China’s language resource perspective emerged in the early 21st century, an era marked by the development of large-scale corpora. It was advanced by SLL scholars and evolved from theoretical construction to social practice. Its core contributions lie in three areas. Firstly, it constructs a three-dimensional value system, where cultural inheritance value sustains national heritage, social service value underpins language governance, and data intelligence value drives technological innovation. Secondly, it posits that language resources possess both utility and developability, embodying a high unity of material carriers and humanistic value. Within this framework, language resources are classified according to language-internal versus language-derived resources and spatial distribution versus functional hierarchy. Thirdly, it proposes response strategies encompassing resource investigation, storage, and management; processing, annotation, and monitoring; and development, utilization, and protection. This theory has significantly shaped the academic ecology of the SLL. At the ideological level, it has spawned core propositions such as cultural perspective, security perspective, service perspective, and protection-development perspective. At the methodological level, it has forged a tripartite research paradigm integrating a pragmatic and objective empirical approach, a practice-oriented approach to societal feedback, and a concise and precise expressive style. Two decades of research demonstrate that, through research networks and academic platforms, the language resource perspective has not only catalyzed extensive studies of social language applications but also enhanced the systematic development of national language capacity, providing a distinctive Chinese approach to global language resource governance.
  • Zhu Haiping and Gao Xinmin
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 53-63. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260105
    This study analyzes the development of Putonghua proficiency testing products in Hong Kong over the past three decades, focusing on testing product composition, supply entities, and demand drivers. The evolution of these products can be divided into three distinct phases: the early market exploration phase (1988–1997), the policy-led diversification phase (1997–2006), and the market-driven innovation phase (2006–present). The trajectory is marked by a unique “dual-track evolution”—on one hand, collaborative development shaped by market forces, policy interventions, and technological advancements; on the other, the emergence of a tiered development system. Currently this system is dual-tiered, comprising “foundational” and “distinctive” products that align national standards with local characteristics. Looking ahead, further progress can be achieved by advancing to a three-tiered framework: “foundational”, “distinctive”, and “international”. Through differentiated design, the interactions and resource allocations among market, policy, and technology can be dynamically adjusted for each tier. This approach allows testing products to address Putonghua learning and certification needs of various target groups, ultimately integrating foundational popularization, regional adaptability, and international compatibility.
  • Yao Shuangyun and Chen Qiqi
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(2): 76-85. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260206
    The development of spoken interaction research has evolved through three stages: the Exploratory Period (pre-1960s), the Development Period (late 1960s–1990s), and the Flourishing Period (21st century–present). Driven by the emergence of Interactional Linguistics, the research focus has shifted from purely ontological descriptions to practical applications. In this study, CiteSpace was employed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of 4,751 publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. The results show that applied research on spoken interaction is primarily concentrated in five areas: 1) second language acquisition; 2) speech and language disorder assessment and intervention; 3) doctor-patient communication; 4) psychological intervention; 5) artificial intelligence. Furthermore, the study identifies four emerging trends: 1) the cross-disciplinary integration of research paradigms; 2) the development and integration of foundational research resources; 3) the industrialization of research outcomes; and 4) the alignment of linguistic data with emerging industries. To ensure the sustainable development of spoken interaction research in the Chinese context, the critical focus should be placed on the practical translation of research outcomes. It is imperative to align academic endeavors with national strategies and social demands. By integrating linguistic and multimodal data with application-oriented theoretical findings into the language industry, the field can generate substantial socio-economic benefits, which in turn will nourish further disciplinary advancement.
  • Yang Fei, Huang Lihe, Zou Benliang, Xu Jingrong, Yang Jiong and Li Haiying
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 54-57.

    建构医疗沟通的规范化教育体系 / 杨 菲

    构建老年友善的医疗健康话语互动环境 / 黄立鹤

    “靠网络看病”对医患沟通的影响及解决办法 / 邹本良
    重视解决医患信息不对称造成的沟通矛盾 / 许静荣
    加强医药内部沟通,合力优化治疗 / 杨 炯

    优化健康词语使用有助于提效医院语言沟通 / 李海英

  • He Hongzhi
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 16-16.

  • Pan Wuyun, Shen Jiaxuan, Li Yuming, Xu Daming, Shi Youwei, Feng Shengli, Wang Feng, Cao Wen, Sun Jinhua, Yuan Jiahong and Shi Feng
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 15-26.

    拉波夫是一位伟大的演化语言学家 / 潘悟云

    语法研究也要重视拉波夫 / 沈家煊

    拉波夫社会语言学思想在中国“语保工程”中的应用 / 李宇明

    拉波夫对语言学动态研究范式的影响有待更高评价 / 徐大明

    致敬脚踏实地的拉波夫 / 史有为

    我的恩师比尔·拉波夫 / 冯胜利

    导夫先路:拉波夫的有序异质语言观 / 汪 锋

    拉波夫让我看到语言研究有趣的那一面 / 曹 文

    拉波夫之问:语言学为谁研究,为何研究? / 孙金华

    恒坚持,常为新:我心中的拉波夫教授 / 袁家宏

    译读拉波夫《语言变化原理》的五大感悟 / 石 锋

  • Hu Jianhua
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(2): 1-1.
    描写主义的描写不是漫无目的的,而是在描写工作开始之前,就已经有了一个科学研究目标。描写是围绕着科学研究目标进行的。科学研究是为了解开未解之谜,回答没有答案的问题,探求事物的普遍规律。而要开展这些工作,首先需要提出一个可以验证的科学假说。新描写主义认为,对语言事实或现象的描写、刻画和分析,需要以科学假说为驱动,因为只有在科学假说的驱动下,描写才有可能深入到不易探察的细节,深入到难以辨识的微观世界,进而发现隐性的事实或规律,从而不断逼近问题的答案,并揭示事实背后的真相。
  • Yin Zhiping
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 55-67. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250505
    In the past two decades, many scholars have adopted various methods and perspectives to examine the language practices of multilingual communities at different levels. However, little research has been conducted on the language practice of foreign-funded companies in China. To fill this gap, this paper explores the characteristics of multilingual communities of European- and American-funded companies in China, with a focus on the automobile manufacturing industry characterized by similar systems of management and organizational discourse. Five automobile manufacturing companies were chosen as the research sites of this study. Through analysis of translanguaging in their display boards for management and interviews with their employees about translanguaging in the display boards, this study finds four types of translanguaging. Through employee training and daily management, English and its acronyms have become parts of the enterprise culture. In addition, specialized language, corporate-speech, various semiotic resources, together with Chinese and English, constitute the repertoires of translanguaging, while employees at different levels, such as operators, supervisors, and managers, use different language resources in interviews, showing different characteristics of monolinguals, novice multilinguals, and skilled multilinguals. Based on the observations and interviews, this study suggests that multinational companies should adopt different language policies according to the shared language resources of their employees.
  • Li Yuming
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 72-73.
  • Li Manli, Chen Sichen and Zhao Lin
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 48. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250604
    In recent years, scholars have explored digital Chinese from various perspectives. This study focuses on digital Chinese ecosystem and its pathways for educational empowerment. Driven by digital technologies, the digital Chinese ecosystem is flourishing with three prominent features: the multimodal leap and asset transition of Chinese language resources, intelligent collaboration and mass co-creation in production logic, and precise adaptation with global connectivity in service systems. The digital Chinese ecosystem also demonstrates three major development trends: increasingly diverse application scenarios, gradual refinement of the industrial ecosystem, and growing internationalization of service recipients. However, the digital Chinese ecosystem currently remains peripheral to the core domain of educational empowerment. This study proposes three pathways for educational empowerment along three dimensions of the digital Chinese ecosystem: resource carriers, learning models, and competency reconstruction. These pathways include the promotion of the multimodal transition of Chinese teaching resources, the reconfiguration of adaptive and inquiry-based learning models, and the expansion of the competency dimensions of Chinese teaching and learning. The core logic of educational empowerment possesses dual attributes: language technology and platform ecosystem. The former provides multimodal and interactive carriers for learning, while the latter supports dynamic resource updating and personalized matching. They enable large-scale personalized education, which represents the key empowering value that distinguishes digital Chinese from traditional Chinese forms.
  • He Lin and Wang Zhaoyu
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 5-14.
    This study provides a review and prospect of the research on language life in special fields of China. The special fields refer to special groups and special settings as opposed to general populations and everyday settings. Language life in special fields is defined as a variety of activities in the special fields of using, learning, and researching language texts, language knowledge, and language technology. The studies of language life in the special fields of China are characterized by the formation of a cohesive academic community over the past 20 years. Researchers focus on the problems faced by special groups (e.g., people with language disorders, the elderly, immigrants, and migrant workers) and in special settings (e.g., emergency scenarios) which might produce negative effects on the quality of life. They explore a set of empirical research methods that highlight the research perspectives, conceptualize language services in line with the national strategy, and try to make up for the shortcomings through the improvement of language ability and the provision of language services. Future studies should promote the sharing of data and methods with the help of digital intelligence technology, strengthen its own research system, improve relevant policies and regulations, and continuously solve the new problems.
  • Li Chengjin
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 66-74. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250407
    Schema is the core concept in Kant’s Theory of schematism, an important part of Kant’s epistemology that forms the core of his “theory of schematism”. It has been argued that Kant’s Schema can be divided into two levels: the schema of pure concepts of the understanding and the schema of perceptual concepts; Chinese characters, in this context, should be seen as “living schema”. However, a close reading of Kant’s original texts, reveals that we can discern the various types of schemata that Kant differentiated, and they encompass three distinct types, including the schema of categories, the schema of perceptual concepts (as concepts about graphics in space), and the schema of empirical concepts. These schemas have complex relationship with image that is intricate and multifaceted, the role of the category of quantity in pure intuition is essential to understanding the complex relationships. Chinese characters possess spatial characteristics. When comparing them with the schemata of empirical concepts in Kant’s Schema Theory, we can find that they exhibit a high degree of isomorphism, yet they are not identical. More precisely, Chinese characters can be considered as representations of the schema of empirical concepts. From the perspective of the internal relationship between Chinese characters and schema, Chinese characters hold a unique significance for cognitive activities that phonetic script do not have. This unique spatial characteristic of Chinese characters provides them with an advantage over phonetic scripts in certain cognitive processes.
  • Yin Zhiping
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(2): 28-38. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260202
    Over the past two decades, research on language life, conducted primarily in China, has yielded substantial achievements. However, the theoretical underpinnings for studying language life remain relatively underdeveloped. Drawing on the accumulated scholarship and research practice, this article aims to summarize existing research findings and practices, outline the disciplinary profile of language life as well as to clarify the connotation and characteristics of language life research, and establish a coherent theoretical framework for the study of language life. Based on discussions of the unique attributes of language life, we define language life as “social life formed through the interaction between language and society”, marked by its agentivity, practical embeddedness, and interdisciplinarity. According to the interaction between linguistic functions and social factors in language use and activities, a categorical system of language life is proposed in the form of twelve analytic dimensions, delineated by the varying patterns through which linguistic functions and social factors co-constitute language use and language-related activities. From the perspective of spatial relations, the structure of language life is further described as comprising three interrelated levels: inner, middle, and outer, as well as five upper and lower tiers. Based on a comparison of the scope, research objects, and research objectives between language life research, sociolinguistics, and applied linguistics, this paper proposes the establishment of language life studies as a subfield within sociolinguistics. Language life studies is not only theoretically innovative, but it also demonstrates strong practical significance, maintaining both overlap and divergence with sociolinguistics. Language life studies represents a successful effort by Chinese scholars to construct an independent knowledge system in linguistics, contributing significantly to expanding the domain of linguistic inquiry and articulating a people-centered epistemology. Language life studies also carries strong practical significance, informing national strategic planning and serving broader social development. As such, it represents a noteworthy Chinese attempt to build an autonomous knowledge system in linguistics and contributes to strengthening China’s scholarly voice in international academic discourse.
  • Wang Chunhui
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 15-15.
  • Zhang Yongquan
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 1-1.
  • Luo Ji
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 85-96. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250606
    A century ago, fellow-scholar journals, namely publications created by fellows with shared ideals, emerged and flourished amid the pursuit of science and democracy during the New Culture Movement. These magazines gradually became a mainstream form of cultural communication, contributing significantly to social progress as well as transforming both academic communication and academic production. Even today, the fellow-scholar journal model retains contemporary relevance, exemplified in the publishing practices of the Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning (CJLPP). Over the past decade, the journal has inherited five key aspects of the fellow-scholar journal tradition: the establishment of a relatively loose and flexible editorial team united by shared values; the separation of manuscript acquisition and editing from distribution and business operations; a manuscript acquisition system in which core members serve dual roles as both editors and authors; the integration of academic pursuit and patriotic commitment; and a strong emphasis on nurturing young scholars. The crucial element among these is the formation of a like-minded core editorial team within the “Language Life School”, whose consensus on the journal’s editorial philosophy and development trajectory has been vital to its success. At the same time, the journal has introduced innovations to the traditions of fellow-scholar journals in three key areas: achieving “same circle” integration between the editorial team and the sponsoring institution; proactively incorporating oversight from higher-level supervisory authorities; and separating the core editorial team from the technical editing team. Compared to other fellow-scholar journals founded after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, CJLPP exhibits three distinct features, the more notable of which is its strong reliance on a specific scholarly school as the foundation for running the journal. Operating within the framework of the socialist publishing system, CJLPP has successfully evolved a contemporary fellow-scholar journals model that aligns with the demands of the modern era and the journal’s unique circumstances. This model demonstrates significant institutional advantages and has yielded remarkable publishing achievements, enabling the journal to achieve rapid and substantial development.
  • Pang Xian and Chen Lixiang
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(2): 86-96. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260207
    China’s visa-free transit policy has undergone a stepwise expansion from 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 144 hours, to 240 hours. Correspondingly, the language service policy has shown a development trend of systematic connection and continuous evolution. The forms and contents of language services for foreign nationales have become increasingly rich, and the coverage scenarios have been continuously expanded and have become progressively diversified. In current practice, the emphasis of language service practice for the pre-arrival stage is placed on the local implementation and targeted promotion of relevant policies; for the transit stage, efforts are made to promote multilingualism, differentiated services, and the integration of technological empowerment; however, for the post-departure stage, the continuity of services remains relatively limited. Based on this assessment, the following language service optimization paths are proposed: for the pre-arrival stage of foreign nationals, strengthen the precise publicity and introduction of relevant policies, and smooth the channels of information exchange between China and foreign countries; for the transit stage, a multi-level and multi-dimensional language service system should be established to enhance visitors’ overall transit experience in China; for the post-departure stage, language and culture should serve as key links to jointly build an interconnected and shared discourse framework, thereby precisely exert efforts to cultivate positive word-of-mouth effects, and enhance international understanding of and support for China.