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  • Li Yuming
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 1-1.
  • Hu Kaibao, Huang Renxuan, Liu Genhui, Wang Lifei, Liang Linlin, Zhu Zude, Zhang Hongsheng, Li Xue, Zhang Weiguo, He Lin, Wang Zhaoyu, Wang Wenhao and Guo Xi
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 58-71.

    数字中文背景下关键语料基础设施建设的问题与路径 / 胡开宝

    数字中文语境下语言学科建设的四大根本性转变 / 黄仁瑄,刘根辉

    数字中文建设背景下亟需语言人才的供给侧改革 / 王立非

    语言科学交叉学科建设势在必行 / 梁琳琳,朱祖德

    数字中文赋能语言文化传承发展的四大路径 / 张洪生

    数字中文重构语言–技术产业新生态 / 李 雪

    数字中文将推动产业升级 / 张卫国

    数字中文促进社会协同进步 / 赫 琳,王炤宇

    建议将境外中文资源纳入数字中文新基建 / 王文豪,郭 熙







  • Han Lintao and Yang Erhong
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 36-48. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250603
    The success of Digital Chinese development ultimately depends on whether its users, researchers, and creators possess the necessary core competencies. Large Language Model (LLM) constitutes a critical technological domain and a strategic priority in this new stage of development. Research among student populations reveals key characteristics and structural issues in LLM literacy, including a significant “inversion” between high-frequency usage and systematic learning, which points to a structural imbalance; generally low self-assessment of literacy, limited confidence and insufficient advanced application skills; and a tendency toward superficial application across broad yet shallow scenarios. Digital Chinese emphasizes the integration of language and technology, centrality of data, comprehensive empowerment, and commitment to standardization and safety. Grounded in these core principles, this study constructs a “Five-Dimension, Three-Level” LLM literacy framework. It identifies cognition and understanding as the foundational element, ethics and responsibility as the guiding principle, interaction and collaboration as the methodological core, learning and innovation as the developmental pathway, and career and entrepreneurship as the ultimate objective. The framework proposes a continuum comprising general foundational literacy, specialized integrative literacy, and leading developmental literacy. Finally, it outlines a holistic “Five-in-One” cultivation pathway: oriented by needs, driven by collaborative innovation, centered on curriculum and instruction, guided by assessment reform, and supported by faculty development.
  • Zhao Tingyang
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 5-15. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260101
    This article argues that the systematic character of language can be adequately examined only through a metalanguage capable of reflecting on language from a higher-order standpoint. It first considers formal (mathematical) logic as a candidate metalanguage: although it can capture truth relations among propositions, its restricted semantic range prevents it from serving as a metalanguage for the full spectrum of thought. It then revisits Wittgenstein’s notion of language games as an alternative metalanguage that translates meaning into a set of socially rule-governed uses. While this approach offers an external and publicly inspectable point of reference for semantics, it remains limited to reflecting on the nature of rules and does not account for language’s thought-laden dimension. The paper next turns to large language models (LLM) as a contemporary, non-traditional metalanguage. LLM operationalize a grammar of signs grounded in correlational relevance—probabilistically optimized linkages among tokens—and evolutionary updating, whereby empirical Bayesian adjustment continuously recalibrates the credibility of these correlations. On this view, LLM can process relations at scale, yet the resulting sign system remains a mapping that fails to represent the wholeness of objects and the world; it therefore lacks genuine understanding. The essence of thought lies in “selecting” a particular “possible world”. At its core, thinking is an act of “choice”: it selects and commits to a certain possible world among alternatives. Against this background, the article proposes a speculative “grammar of thought” and associated metalanguage built on negation and verbs. Negation secures the essential function of thought as selection—the capacity to choose among possible worlds—while verbs provide the generative structure through which possible worlds are constructed. The author suggests that this framework could upgrade mere mapping into a morphism oriented toward holistic intelligibility, offering a methodological route toward a next-generation of AI “world model”. Its putative advantage lies in simultaneously opening unlimited possibilities, supporting causal explanation, and enabling reflexive analysis of any language from within natural language itself, thus obtaining a better metalanguage.
  • Wang Chunhui
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 5-19. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250601
    The concept and system of “Digital Chinese” have emerged along the developmental trajectory of “Digital Earth (Global) — Digital XX (Regional/Field) — Digital China (National/Comprehensive) — Digital Chinese”. From a holistic perspective, Digital Chinese constitutes a “seven-in-one” systematic framework, encompassing the following dimensions: Digital Chinese philosophy, technology, resources, applications, governance, research, and civilization. The future development of this system faces theoretical and practical challenges, which can be addressed through strategies such as improving policies and regulations, planning standards and norms, promoting interdepartmental collaboration, enhancing the transformation of scientific research achievements, and advancing technological innovation and application expansion—while remaining grounded in China’s national conditions and learning from international experience. Against the backdrop of the emerging “Threefold Coexistence” era of humans, machines, and nature, the future of Digital Chinese holds immense potential.
  • Yang Dan
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 1-1.
  • Ye Jun, Zhu Xiaorui and Lin Pengfei
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 20-35. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250602
    In the digital era, the development and application of generative artificial intelligence, represented by large language models, have made digital literacy a vital component of new quality productive forces. Digital language resources not only reflect a nation’s soft power but also act as the cornerstone of its future development. The vitality and influence of the Chinese language in the digital space are significant indicators of China’s language situation and national standing. This study makes a preliminary evaluation of the vitality and influence of Chinese in the digital space by building an indicator system centered on digital language use. This system covers five vertical domains, including economic, technological, cultural, social, and educational, in addition to basic Digital Chinese indicators. By collecting and analyzing relevant data, the study compares the use of Chinese with that of other major world languages, such as English, French, Spanish, Russian, and Arabic. The findings indicate that, driven by the digital wave, Chinese has broken through geographical boundaries to become a global language. The vitality and influence of Chinese in the digital space are firmly ranked second in the world, having created a considerable gap over other major languages except English. The most prominent characteristic of the Digital Chinese ecosystem is its relative abundance of dynamic data and scarcity of static data. Furthermore, the protection of digital cultural classics and the development of Digital Chinese applications are identified as two major highlights of the language’s digital development.
  • Li Yan and He Hongzhi
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 17-28. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260102
    ‘Language professions’ refer to occupational categories in which practitioners derive their livelihood from providing language products and services. They are directly related to the high-quality supply of language products and the sustainable development of the language industry, and affects the overall planning of language talent development. Language professions and talents are producers of language products and providers of language services, and creators of language productivity. These professions can be classified into “typical language professions” and “quasi-language professions” based on whether the primary output consists of language products and the extent to which task completion relies heavily on linguistic expression. This paper defines the concept of “language profession” and maps out the existing language professions and those yet to be recognized in the National Occupational Classification Codex of the People's Republic of China (2022 Edition). It further proposes a foundational research framework for language professions comprising three hierarchical levels: from the base upward, these are studies of occupational conditions, analyses of underlying dynamics and mechanisms, and investigations into development strategies. Building on this framework, the paper offers the following recommendations: for language professions with an established number of practitioners but have not yet been included in the Codex, they should be formally supplemented and recognized, and professional terminology should be standardized; emerging language professions should be actively cultivated, especially language technology professions; Starting from the study of language vocational abilities, construct a language vocational standard system; Focusing on the investigation of language occupational conditions, comprehensively grasp the current state of language professions in China; and a national database of language professions should be established to support talent development in the field and planning for the language industry.
  • Shi Jinsheng and Li Xueting
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 42-52. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260104
    Since the 1990s, the development of automated essay scoring (AES) has progressed through three major phases: feature-based statistical machine learning, neural network-based deep learning, and generative pre-trained language models. Throughout this evolution, scoring rubrics and language intelligence techniques have intertwined and advanced synergistically, driving AES toward greater efficiency and rationality through their competitive pursuit of dominance in the AES. AES research has evolved from focusing on superficial statistical linguistic features to exploring complex semantic and formal features, enabling comprehensive scoring along both formal and content-based dimensions. Research on AES for Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) has primarily focused on the MHK test and the HSK test, which are designed for domestic ethnic minorities and foreign learners of Chinese, respectively. It lacks the verification of the effects on various neural network models or large-scale datasets. Technological advances in Large Language Models suggest potential solutions to current problems concerning AES for CSL. Future AES research needs to move from resembling the outcomes of manual scoring to imitating the thinking of manual scoring, transition from holistic rating scoring to analytic rating scoring, and enhance AES model reliability and interpretability through both chain-of-thought fine-tuning and high-quality corpora.
  • Dong Ping
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 64-74. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260106
    From the perspective of actual usage shown in ancient Chinese corpora, the overlap of different first-person pronouns at various semantic levels indicates philosophically that as human beings carry out communication activities in different aspects of existence, the awareness of the self also emerges and gradually deepens in the process of interacting with others on different dimensions. In Classical Chinese, the first-person pronouns in the ordinary sense are primarily three forms: wo 我, yu予(also written 余,台), and wu吾. The pronoun wo chiefly denotes the self as externally manifested and set in contrast to others, with the meaning of the embodied “person” or “body” at its core. By contrast, yu tends to function as a more general term of self-reference, emphasizing the individual as an integrated unity of body and mind. “吾” does not truly emerged untilg the Spring and Autumn Period. It refers to the inner self and denotes the authentic subject. Its appearance marked a deepening of self-cognition and represented a new stage in the development of self-awareness.“思(sī)”(thinking, introspection) is the primordial capability of “吾” and the fundamental way for the subject to confirm the conrcete reality of its own existence, thereby restoring the wholeness of being. In this way, existence and value are rendered fully identical.  “毋我(wú wǒ)” (freedom from ego attachment) is an essential requirement for individuals to participate in experiential communication activities with the “己(jǐ)” (self) that roots in the true reality. “吾丧我(wú sàng wǒ)” (destruction of the ego with the Self) requires 吾as the subject to immune from the dualization of the “己” so that to keep the wholeness of existence of the self. The realization of “己” is not only the restoration of an individual’s reality of existence and the realization of the subjectivity, but also the realization of his value of existence in the current interreaction context, thereby unifying the existence and its value. Through the analysis of the usage of different first-person pronouns in ancient Chinese text, analyzing the function of si 思, and interpreting the meanings of wu wo 毋我and wu sang wo 吾丧我, this paper structurally reconstructs and expounds on the philosophical ideas embodied in the first-person pronouns in classical Chinese.
  • Ge Zhaoyi and Li Yuming
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 29-41. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260103
    The language rehabilitation industry represents a specialised sector within both the broader language industry and the Greater Health industry. There is a need to develop a “Greater Language Rehabilitation Industry” that aligns with the principles of Greater Health, serves the entire population throughout the life span, and transcends the traditional confines of hearing and speech rehabilitation. Focusing on individuals with language disorders, the language rehabilitation industry possesses dual characteristics: it functions as both a public good and an industry, offering products and services that span language commodities and language welfare. Currently, the market size of China’s language rehabilitation industry exceeds 30 billion RMB, yet a substantial gap between supply and demand persists, indicating a significant market potential that could reach several hundred billion RMB. The industry’s current capacity falls short of meeting the rehabilitation needs of the tens of millions of people affected by language disorders. Addressing this critical issue requires dedicated efforts in three key areas: redefining industry perception, strengthening the human resource system, and enhancing welfare policies. This paper constructs an ecosystem framework for the language rehabilitation industry and argues that language health is an essential component of national health, without which individual well-being and happiness are difficult to achieve. Furthermore, the capacity to provide language rehabilitation services should be regarded as an integral aspect of a nation’s language competence. Achieving “language health for all” should be recognised as a shared goal within the broader “Healthy China” initiative.
  • Cui Yingxian
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 87-96. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260108
    “Center” (中) and “loyalty” (忠) are fundamental words in the Chinese language, with the latter deriving from the former. The early cognitive mechanism of the Han people, which transitioned “from spatial orientation to temporal concepts, from the concrete to the abstract”, played a fundamental role in driving the semantic derivation of the latter. After the emergence of “loyalty”, its meaning shifted from “sincerity” to “loyalty” within a very short period. The underlying force driving this change was the political-ethical belief in the “integration of family and state”, while its solidification was achieved through habitual collocations from morphology to syntax. In this regard, the ethical propositions and linguistic applications of Confucianism and Mohism exhibit a certain degree of divergence. Regarding the concept of “loyalty to the ruler”, Confucianism, which emphasizes hierarchical order, does not reinforce it in linguistic combinations. In contrast, Mohism, which advocates “universal love” and “elevating uniformity”, frequently employs it in written works, even solidifying the term “loyal minister” (忠臣) as a fixed expression. Once a strong linguistic collocation is established, it can shape value judgments that influence social consciousness, allowing people today to perceive the epistemological significance in the philosophy of language.
  • Wu Genyou
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 75-86. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260107
    Humanity has long been situated in “world history”. Contemporary and future Chinese-language philosophy should move beyond its classical and modern configurations toward a future-oriented form, one that is rooted in the lived experience of the Chinese-speaking world while also articulating the new realities of “China in the world” and “the world within China”. In the face of philosophical questions shared by humankind in the context of world history, providing philosophical responses in Chinese should be regarded as a historical mission for present and future scholars engaged in philosophical research in the Chinese-speaking world. From the perspective of the traditional debate on the correspondence between names and realities, “Chinese-language philosophy” and “Chinese philosophy” each have their own objects of reflection, yet they also significantly intersect and overlap. This article rejects the notion of a “universal philosophy” advanced by some scholars, but does not deny the existence of philosophical questions common to all humanity. From a civilizational perspective, such shared philosophical questions may take distinct philosophical forms when expressed in different national languages. Within genuine world history, in responding to humanity’s shared philosophical questions, philosophies expressed in different national languages can generate philosophical answers that embody an “overlapping consensus”. One of the historical missions of contemporary and future Chinese-language philosophy is to offer its own responses to these shared philosophical questions of humanity.
  • Zhu Haiping and Gao Xinmin
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 53-63. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260105
    This study analyzes the development of Putonghua proficiency testing products in Hong Kong over the past three decades, focusing on testing product composition, supply entities, and demand drivers. The evolution of these products can be divided into three distinct phases: the early market exploration phase (1988–1997), the policy-led diversification phase (1997–2006), and the market-driven innovation phase (2006–present). The trajectory is marked by a unique “dual-track evolution”—on one hand, collaborative development shaped by market forces, policy interventions, and technological advancements; on the other, the emergence of a tiered development system. Currently this system is dual-tiered, comprising “foundational” and “distinctive” products that align national standards with local characteristics. Looking ahead, further progress can be achieved by advancing to a three-tiered framework: “foundational”, “distinctive”, and “international”. Through differentiated design, the interactions and resource allocations among market, policy, and technology can be dynamically adjusted for each tier. This approach allows testing products to address Putonghua learning and certification needs of various target groups, ultimately integrating foundational popularization, regional adaptability, and international compatibility.
  • He Hongzhi
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(1): 16-16.

  • Li Manli, Chen Sichen and Zhao Lin
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 48. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250604
    In recent years, scholars have explored digital Chinese from various perspectives. This study focuses on digital Chinese ecosystem and its pathways for educational empowerment. Driven by digital technologies, the digital Chinese ecosystem is flourishing with three prominent features: the multimodal leap and asset transition of Chinese language resources, intelligent collaboration and mass co-creation in production logic, and precise adaptation with global connectivity in service systems. The digital Chinese ecosystem also demonstrates three major development trends: increasingly diverse application scenarios, gradual refinement of the industrial ecosystem, and growing internationalization of service recipients. However, the digital Chinese ecosystem currently remains peripheral to the core domain of educational empowerment. This study proposes three pathways for educational empowerment along three dimensions of the digital Chinese ecosystem: resource carriers, learning models, and competency reconstruction. These pathways include the promotion of the multimodal transition of Chinese teaching resources, the reconfiguration of adaptive and inquiry-based learning models, and the expansion of the competency dimensions of Chinese teaching and learning. The core logic of educational empowerment possesses dual attributes: language technology and platform ecosystem. The former provides multimodal and interactive carriers for learning, while the latter supports dynamic resource updating and personalized matching. They enable large-scale personalized education, which represents the key empowering value that distinguishes digital Chinese from traditional Chinese forms.
  • Li Yuming
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 72-73.
  • Luo Ji
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 85-96. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250606
    A century ago, fellow-scholar journals, namely publications created by fellows with shared ideals, emerged and flourished amid the pursuit of science and democracy during the New Culture Movement. These magazines gradually became a mainstream form of cultural communication, contributing significantly to social progress as well as transforming both academic communication and academic production. Even today, the fellow-scholar journal model retains contemporary relevance, exemplified in the publishing practices of the Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning (CJLPP). Over the past decade, the journal has inherited five key aspects of the fellow-scholar journal tradition: the establishment of a relatively loose and flexible editorial team united by shared values; the separation of manuscript acquisition and editing from distribution and business operations; a manuscript acquisition system in which core members serve dual roles as both editors and authors; the integration of academic pursuit and patriotic commitment; and a strong emphasis on nurturing young scholars. The crucial element among these is the formation of a like-minded core editorial team within the “Language Life School”, whose consensus on the journal’s editorial philosophy and development trajectory has been vital to its success. At the same time, the journal has introduced innovations to the traditions of fellow-scholar journals in three key areas: achieving “same circle” integration between the editorial team and the sponsoring institution; proactively incorporating oversight from higher-level supervisory authorities; and separating the core editorial team from the technical editing team. Compared to other fellow-scholar journals founded after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, CJLPP exhibits three distinct features, the more notable of which is its strong reliance on a specific scholarly school as the foundation for running the journal. Operating within the framework of the socialist publishing system, CJLPP has successfully evolved a contemporary fellow-scholar journals model that aligns with the demands of the modern era and the journal’s unique circumstances. This model demonstrates significant institutional advantages and has yielded remarkable publishing achievements, enabling the journal to achieve rapid and substantial development.
  • Chen Junzao
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 75-83. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250408
    During the 18th and 19th centuries, German philosophy experienced a surge of interest in linguistic-philosophical inquiry, centering on the relationship between language and thought. Philosophers sought inspiration from non-European languages in the hope of constructing a linguistic foundation for expressing universal truths. Hegel was one of the leading figures in this movement. His view of Chinese characters encompasses three levels: the nature and positioning of Chinese characters, their symbolic characteristics, and cultural consequences. Hegel regarded Chinese characters as typical examples of ideographic writing which “signifies representations through spatial imagery”, contrasting it with alphabetic systems that rely on phonetic symbols tied to sound, as Chinese characters function through visual forms. Hegel argues that, sound as a linguistic medium, is more immediate and spiritual in language symbols, thus making alphabetic scripts more definite and spiritually pure. The relationship between Chinese characters, pronunciation, and spoken language is loose and uncertain, with a large number of symbols and complex graphic structures. These features of Chinese characters have led to the slow progress and stagnation of Chinese cultural development. In summary, he evaluated Chinese characters from within a theoretical framework centered on the development and manifestation of “spirit”; but his understanding of Chinese characters and Chinese culture was rather rigid and stereotypical. A close examination of his works and lecture notes shows that his knowledge of Chinese characters and Chinese culture came from the writings of European missionaries and sinologists at the time. His negative judgments about Chinese characters were the result of both the level of knowledge about Chinese characters in the European intellectual community at the time and his personal philosophical convictions. From the modern period to the present, European philosophers’ engagement with  Chinese characters has always been treated as an external resource and supplement, used to “defend” or “subvert” existing Western philosophical traditions centered on the logoscentric and phonocentric philosophical traditions.
  • Sun Ying
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(3): 88-96. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250308
    The Institute of South-South Cooperation and Development (ISSCD) at Peking University is committed to cultivating high-level talent from developing countries. The student body is primarily composed of senior administrators and policymakers from nations engaged in South-South cooperation. The institute adopts an integrated “specialization + Chinese” instructional model, in which learners’ motivations and needs for learning Chinese differ significantly from those of typical language learners. Based on a series of surveys and interviews with these students, this study reveals that their motivations for learning Chinese are driven by global development trends, national development needs, and personal career planning and they exhibit a strong motivation to learn Chinese and an urgent desire to understand China’s national conditions and culture. Factors such as their professional positions, social identities, and age demographics influence their identity recognition, socio-cultural understanding, affective values, communication needs, and external support for personal development, all of which carry unique implications. In response to their specific knowledge demands and proficiency objectives, Chinese language instruction for these learners should focus on cultivating seven core competencies across different stages: basic Chinese proficiency, daily communication, understanding of China’s national conditions and policy discourse, culture awareness, social etiquette, intercultural communication, and strategic communicative competence. The goal is to develop multifaceted professionals with balanced and multidimensional competencies. Teaching practices have demonstrated that these high-level learners, driven by a strong motivation to “understand China,” tend to, through Chinese language learning and a deeper understanding of China, naturally engage in actions that promote Chinese perspective internationally and express genuine affinity and advocacy for China.
  • Zhang Tianwei
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(3): 16-17.
  • Yang Fei, Huang Lihe, Zou Benliang, Xu Jingrong, Yang Jiong and Li Haiying
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 54-57.

    建构医疗沟通的规范化教育体系 / 杨 菲

    构建老年友善的医疗健康话语互动环境 / 黄立鹤

    “靠网络看病”对医患沟通的影响及解决办法 / 邹本良
    重视解决医患信息不对称造成的沟通矛盾 / 许静荣
    加强医药内部沟通,合力优化治疗 / 杨 炯

    优化健康词语使用有助于提效医院语言沟通 / 李海英

  • Zhai Zhanguo
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 87-96. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250507
    Most Chinese cities at the prefectural level and above employ one-character abbreviations for their place names, which can be categorized into three types: initial-character, final-character, and alias-based. Some cities, however, do not implement any one-character abbreviations at all. Through comprehensively examining the one-character abbreviations used in COVID-19 prevention notices and official document codes across 337 mainland Chinese cities, two core mechanisms for abbreviation formation are identified: (1) The first is exclusion mechanism, under which the abbreviations used in public notices avoid using numerals, directional terms, characters identical to provincial names/abbreviations, characters with low distinctiveness or those evoking inappropriate connotations or associations, while document code adoption applies looser restrictions (primarily directional terms and provincial name overlaps) with frequent exceptions. (2) The second is selection mechanisms, which are largely consistent for both types of abbreviations: use an abbreviation wherever possible, with a preference for the first character; if the first character is unsuitable, consider the last character; if an alias exists, it takes precedence; if none of the above apply, no abbreviation is used. Currently, the key issues identified in the use of one-character city name abbreviations in China include: suboptimal character selection, lack of standardized abbreviations for major cities, and improper cultural usage in ethnic minority regions where traditional naming conventions are often overlooked. It is recommended to standardize the abbreviations of well-known cities to align with historical and cultural contexts, enrich the cultural and historical connotations of these abbreviations by incorporating local heritage and linguistic traditions, and implement contextual guidelines to prevent insensitive or culturally inappropriate abbreviations, particularly in ethnic minority regions. To sum up, this study contributes to the rationalization of urban place name abbreviations, fostering clarity in administrative communication while preserving cultural diversity.
  • Jiang Linlin, Bao Yurong, Wang Weiwei and Huang Wei
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 16-24. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250402
    The past decades have witnessed a rapid development of research on health communication, and scholars have explored health communication from different perspectives. This study focuses on doctor-patient communication from the perspective of healthcare providers. A survey conducted among medical staff at a top-tier general hospital in Beijing reveals that the primary language problems in doctor-patient communication from the healthcare providers’ perspective include: (1) patients’ language barriers, including dialect barriers and communication difficulties for special groups; (2) deficiencies in patients’ expressions, such as their inability to translate laymen’s language into diagnostic terms, and information loss due to inappropriate expressions; (3) cognitive differences, involving the asymmetry in medical information comprehension, the misinterpretation of language styles, and the communication mismatch. Contributing factors stem from multiple dimensions such as healthcare providers (e.g., professional competence, communication awareness/skills, professional norms and ethics), patients (e.g., individual traits, psychological and emotional state, health/rights awareness), and external factors (e.g., consulting environment, media influence and social atmosphere). Based on the findings of this study, some suggestions are proposed as follows: healthcare providers should enhance communication awareness and language precision skills; hospitals establish standardized communication protocols and diversify medical science popularization; social media be regulated and guided, and more participation be encouraged in health language services.
  • Dai Qingxia, Wang Feng, Liang Xiaobo, Chen Chunhua, Ma Xiaolei, Jia Yuan and Dong Xixiao
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(3): 61-65.

    从边境语言属性谈边境语言能力 / 戴庆厦

    边境语言能力建设需推进三个方面工作 / 王 锋

    边境“语言孤岛”是国家语言安全战略重要支撑 / 梁晓波

    聚焦国家安全,加强跨境语言保护和利用 / 陈春华

    内外统筹与优劣协同框架下的边境语言能力战略构建 / 马晓雷

    边境地区巡边员和农牧民的国家语言能力亟须提升 / 贾 媛

    跨境语言的外语教育和研究仍有较大提升空间 / 董希骁





  • Zhou Hongbo and Zhao Chunyan
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(6): 74-73. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250605
    Drawing on a decade of editorial practice, this article examines Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning (CJLPP) as a representative case of triadic co-production of knowledge and management involving a publisher, the academic community, and government agencies. It argues that the journal’s establishment was enabled by three converging shifts in the early twenty-first century: the reorientation of China’s national language authorities from direct administration to guidance and services; the expansion of linguistic inquiry from structural and theoretical linguistic approaches to the broader domain of language use in social life; and the publisher’s strategic move to develop applied language-related programs in response to these trends. The article further analyzes how the journal has been organized and governed through a functional division of labor. Academia serves as the primary engine of knowledge production, assembling a core editorial team and articulating editorial principles and institutional arrangements. The government functions as the anchor of governance orientation, helping ensure that scholarly agendas remain aligned with national development priorities. The publisher operates as the central hub for knowledge translation, strengthening top-level design and ensuring efficient execution across key editorial processes. Together, these actors constitute a knowledge-production community driven simultaneously by epistemic logics and political/governance logics: academia as the “engine”, government as the “steering wheel”, and the publisher as the “converter” or integrative platform. This configuration illustrates a form of managed knowledge production in which scholarly autonomy is maintained while being substantively embedded within a broader framework of state governance.

  • Wang Xiaomei
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(2): 15-22. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250202
    As the Southern Min Dialect speakers are dominant among the Chinese in Malaysia, the dialect (locally known as Hokkien) has become one of the prevalent dialects in the Chinese community and has influenced mutual exchanges with Malay. The Min spoken by the Chinese native to Kelantan has become a creole that is so different from the mainstream Min that mutual intelligibility is lost. Baba Malay and Pasar Malay are mixed languages that are grammatically influenced by Min. The majority of the Chinese loanwords in Malay today originate from Min. Malaysian Mandarin contains many Southern Min dialect words, forming a regional variant of global Chinese distinct from other regions. Penang is a significant hub of Malaysia’s Min culture, with Penang Min exhibiting considerable vitality and serving as a symbol of the region’s intangible cultural heritage. The Southern Min dialect holds instrumental, resource-oriented and heritage-oriented values in Malaysia. Researching the contact between the Southern Min dialect and Malay is not only of linguistic significance, but also provides valuable insights for studying the history of Chinese immigration. Emphasizing the protection and inheritance of the Southern Min dialect and its culture in Malaysia is crucial for enhancing the connection between Malaysia and the broader Southern Min cultural circle, the Chinese cultural circle, and the associated economic activities.
  • Wang Huiyan, Liu Xiaohai, Wang Jianfei and Han Hongmei
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(2): 83-96. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250208
    Since the outbreak of COVID-19, China has accumulated valuable experience in the practice of emergency language service, yet the demand for well-structured emergency language service contingency plans is becoming increasingly pressing across multiple sectors. Drawing on disaster scenario construction theory, this study adopts an integrated research framework of “Risk-Scenario-Demand-Capability-Plan” for emergency planning, and develops the first emergency language service plan in China to address language communication barriers during various types of emergencies. Using a general emergency response model, this study constructs emergency language service scenarios in the context of major disasters and identifies the gap between the demand for emergency language services and the existing service capabilities. It further examines disaster scenario framework and the current emergency organizational systems to clarify the positioning, guiding principles, primary tasks, workflows, institutional mechanisms, and support measures of the national emergency language service plan. As China’s emergency language service system and mechanism are still in the early stages of development, ongoing research and practice are essential. This includes continuous research on the national emergency language service system and mechanisms to refine top-level design, advancing the legalization of emergency language services in line with major national strategies, improving the national emergency language service contingency plan system, and enhancing the mobilization, organization and management of emergency language services.
  • Pan Wuyun, Shen Jiaxuan, Li Yuming, Xu Daming, Shi Youwei, Feng Shengli, Wang Feng, Cao Wen, Sun Jinhua, Yuan Jiahong and Shi Feng
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 15-26.

    拉波夫是一位伟大的演化语言学家 / 潘悟云

    语法研究也要重视拉波夫 / 沈家煊

    拉波夫社会语言学思想在中国“语保工程”中的应用 / 李宇明

    拉波夫对语言学动态研究范式的影响有待更高评价 / 徐大明

    致敬脚踏实地的拉波夫 / 史有为

    我的恩师比尔·拉波夫 / 冯胜利

    导夫先路:拉波夫的有序异质语言观 / 汪 锋

    拉波夫让我看到语言研究有趣的那一面 / 曹 文

    拉波夫之问:语言学为谁研究,为何研究? / 孙金华

    恒坚持,常为新:我心中的拉波夫教授 / 袁家宏

    译读拉波夫《语言变化原理》的五大感悟 / 石 锋

  • Li Dandan
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(2): 45-55. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250205
    The Thirty-six Clans of the Min People in the Ryukyu Kingdom were the first official immigrants sent by China to manage the tributary and overseas trade. Upon their migration to Ryukyu during the Ming Dynasty, the mother tongue of their descendants, the Min dialect, began its transformation into a heritage language, a process completed by the mid-18th century at the latest. Factors contributing to this evolution include significant dialectal differences within Min, intermarriage between the Thirty-six Clans with other indigenous languages speakers, population decline in Kume villages inhabited by the Thirty-six Clans, interruption of trade between the Ryukyu Kingdom and Southeast Asia, and the establishment of Mandarin Chinese as a lingua franca in the Ryukyu Kingdom. The inheritance of the Min dialect in the Ryukyu Kingdom represents a unique case of evolution among overseas Chinese dialects, offering valuable insights into heritage language maintenance and Chinese language education for overseas Chinese communities. Firstly, the preservation of overseas dialects requires a substantial speaker population, relying heavily on family education and its economic value. Secondly, competition between dialects and the standard language occurs not only in the dialects’ place of origin but also in the areas where they spread. Finally, the evolution of an overseas dialect into a heritage language is intrinsically linked to its integration with local languages.
  • Li Jia, Wang Mengna, Zhang Jie, Hong Yu and Deng Rui
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250403
    “Guomen Hospitals”, located in China’s border areas, are the medical institutions designated and accredited by relevant Chinese government departments. Guomen hospitals not only provide local residents with healthcare services but also undertake the tasks such as cross-border medical services, joint prevention and control of infectious diseases. Given the significant number of ethnic minority and foreign patients at Guomen hospitals, it is of vital importance to mobilize multilingual resources, enhance the quality of language services, and safeguard the national public health security. This study selected four Guomen hospitals in the China-Laos borderlands as research sites. Drawing on the multiple data types such as semi-structured interviews and participant observations, the study investigates what language services are available at Guomen hospitals and to what extent these language services can help linguistic minorities overcome their communication barriers. There are three types of language services: interpreting and translation services, multilingual landscape services, and multilingual public health services. First of all, this study shows the inadequacy of Mandarin-Lao translation software, which is unlikely to replace human interpreters and translators. Interpreting and translation services at Guomen hospitals highlight the importance of delivering humanistic care and raising cross-cultural awareness. Secondly, multilingual landscape services serve the functions of cultural dissemination and international publicity. Thirdly, multilingual public health services enhance health literacy among Chinese and Lao border residents and foster friendly relations in the China-Laos borderlands. The study relates language services to a wider process of multidimensional effects in economy, culture, good neighborliness, and border security. The study can shed some insights on how to enact multilingual resources, intensify international medical cooperation, and enhance China’s global influence in the healthcare industry.
  • Zhang Qiqun
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 58-58.
  • Wang Chunhui
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 15-15.
  • Yin Zhiping
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(5): 55-67. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250505
    In the past two decades, many scholars have adopted various methods and perspectives to examine the language practices of multilingual communities at different levels. However, little research has been conducted on the language practice of foreign-funded companies in China. To fill this gap, this paper explores the characteristics of multilingual communities of European- and American-funded companies in China, with a focus on the automobile manufacturing industry characterized by similar systems of management and organizational discourse. Five automobile manufacturing companies were chosen as the research sites of this study. Through analysis of translanguaging in their display boards for management and interviews with their employees about translanguaging in the display boards, this study finds four types of translanguaging. Through employee training and daily management, English and its acronyms have become parts of the enterprise culture. In addition, specialized language, corporate-speech, various semiotic resources, together with Chinese and English, constitute the repertoires of translanguaging, while employees at different levels, such as operators, supervisors, and managers, use different language resources in interviews, showing different characteristics of monolinguals, novice multilinguals, and skilled multilinguals. Based on the observations and interviews, this study suggests that multinational companies should adopt different language policies according to the shared language resources of their employees.
  • Li Chengjin
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 66-74. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250407
    Schema is the core concept in Kant’s Theory of schematism, an important part of Kant’s epistemology that forms the core of his “theory of schematism”. It has been argued that Kant’s Schema can be divided into two levels: the schema of pure concepts of the understanding and the schema of perceptual concepts; Chinese characters, in this context, should be seen as “living schema”. However, a close reading of Kant’s original texts, reveals that we can discern the various types of schemata that Kant differentiated, and they encompass three distinct types, including the schema of categories, the schema of perceptual concepts (as concepts about graphics in space), and the schema of empirical concepts. These schemas have complex relationship with image that is intricate and multifaceted, the role of the category of quantity in pure intuition is essential to understanding the complex relationships. Chinese characters possess spatial characteristics. When comparing them with the schemata of empirical concepts in Kant’s Schema Theory, we can find that they exhibit a high degree of isomorphism, yet they are not identical. More precisely, Chinese characters can be considered as representations of the schema of empirical concepts. From the perspective of the internal relationship between Chinese characters and schema, Chinese characters hold a unique significance for cognitive activities that phonetic script do not have. This unique spatial characteristic of Chinese characters provides them with an advantage over phonetic scripts in certain cognitive processes.
  • Wang Chunhui
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(3): 5-15. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250301
    The past two decades have witnessed the rapid development of language intelligence and language data research and shown the close interconnection between language intelligence and language data. This study provides a review of language intelligence and language data research over the past two decades. Over the past two decades, the development of language intelligence research can be broadly divided into two periods, with the introduction of ChatGPT in 2022 as the dividing line. The period before 2022 primarily focused on technological advancements, while the period after 2022 is characterized by an increasing emphasis on the impact of language intelligence on linguistic life. Similarly, studies on language data can be delineated by the recognition of data as a production factor, initially confined to linguistic structural data and later expanded to analyses within the context of linguistic life. From the perspective of the three major systems (i.e., disciplinary, academic, and discourse systems), language intelligence research is emerging as an independent discipline and its discourse system is beginning to take shape, with substantial accumulation in academic frameworks. At the same time, language data research, as an emerging research field, is burgeoning with potential. With the advent of “the era of human-machine symbiosis” and “the era of human-cyber-physical systems”, future research in language intelligence and language data is poised to become increasingly significant and holds great promise.
  • Zhang Yongquan
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 1-1.
  • Xie Yingying and Li Daqin
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(3): 50-60. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250305
    This study examines the current state of linguistic ecology in the eastern section of China’s Himalayan region, focusing on four key aspects: the distribution of linguistic diversity, the status quo of language endangerment, ecological differences of languages across the China-India line of actual control (LAC), and the uneven accumulation of linguistic research on either sides of the LAC. The findings highlight four major areas of insufficiency in the construction of a sustainable language ecology in this region: First, there is inadequacy in the documentation of languages within the region, and limited knowledge of the language ecology beyond China’s LAC. Second, the current approaches to researching borderland linguistic ecology are conceptually outdated, and the supply of reliable and up-to-date language data resources is inadequate. Third, the existing multilingual education model has structural deficiencies, resulting in a severe shortage of specialized language talent. Fourth, the development of resource platforms based on large language models is lagging, and the application of digital technologies in linguistic preservation and research remains limited. To address these challenges, the following recommendations are proposed: First, integrating domestic and international research findings to construct a comprehensive language knowledge spectrum and database for the eastern Himalayan region. Second, prioritizing surveys of living languages and cultural resources to expand the repository of linguistic resources. Third, reconstructing a more inclusive and functional multilingual education ecosystem to build up reserves of specialized language talents. Finally, establishing a dynamic monitoring mechanism to safeguard borderland linguistic ecology and enhance national border language capacity.
  • Huang Xing
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(3): 30-38. https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250303
    The scripts of ethnic minority groups in China’s border regions exhibit both genealogical diversity and civilizational plurality. These scripts include Aramaic-based alphabetic systems such as Brahmi, Sogdian and Arabic scripts; Greek-based alphabetic script such as Latin; and indigenous scripts based on Chinese characters. Since the 1950s, ethnic groups without scripts or with underdeveloped scripts have created, reformed, or refined Latin-based writing systems under the assistance of the Chinese government. In the 1980s, modernization efforts for the languages and scripts of ethnic minority groups were launched, and the initiatives include the Romanization of traditional scripts to facilitate information processing and the exchange of non-universal characters. National standards have since been developed for character sets, keyboards, and fonts across various ethnic scripts, with Tibetan and Mongolian script standards being officially recognized as international standards by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Unlike neighboring countries that share similar scripts, China independently designs and develops information technology standards for the scripts of its ethnic minority groups. This has resulted in asymmetry in script attributes and functionalities, creating discrepancies that may lead to challenges in border governance and security related to language and script policies. These issues underscore the importance of national language policy planning and governance strategies.
  • Chen Xiaojin, Xu Jie, Zhuang Chusheng, Li Wei, Zhou Minglang, Zhu Titi and Yan Xiuhong
    Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(2): 56-60.

    海外汉语方言是汉语方言研究不可或缺的部分 / 陈晓锦

    地缘华人社团是汉语方言在海外的重要堡垒 /  徐 杰

    海外早期闽粤客方言文献亟待搜集、整理和研究 / 庄初升

    英国客家话的使用传承面临巨大挑战 / 李 嵬

    华人新移民压缩美国华语方言的生存空间 / 周明朗

    戏随人走,曲寄乡愁 / 朱媞媞

    一位客家方言和文化的海外传播使者——熊德龙 / 严修鸿